标签： Asia

Organizers of an upcoming international academic conference focused on Tibetan studies have confirmed the event has been scrapped, following an abrupt order from Nepal’s central government that offered no public justification for the cancellation. The quadrennial seminar organized by the International Association for Tibetan Studies was slated to run from August 23 to 26 in Kathmandu, hosted by Kathmandu University’s Himalaya Centre for Asian Studies. The gathering had drawn registered academic delegates from dozens of countries across the globe, ready to gather for discussions on Tibetan history, culture, and social development.

Professor Sagar Raj Sharma, a senior faculty member at the hosting center, confirmed Thursday that organizers reluctantly agreed to call off the meeting after receiving the request from senior Nepalese government officials. To date, the government has not released any formal statement or explanation for why it asked for the conference to be canceled.

While Nepalese officials have declined to comment on the specific cancellation, the decision lines up with Nepal’s long-standing diplomatic policy of maintaining strong bilateral relations with China, which has consistently prohibited international activities related to Tibet that it deems contrary to its sovereign interests. Nepal has maintained a formal policy of barring any pro-Tibetan political activity within its borders for decades.

China has administered Tibet as an autonomous region since 1951, when Chinese military forces entered the Himalayan territory. In the decades that followed, the Chinese government has carried out widespread policies that critics label political repression, including the demolition of hundreds of Buddhist religious sites and restrictions on all political and cultural expression that falls outside the oversight of the Chinese Communist Party.

Nepal currently hosts a large community of Tibetan refugees, many of whom use the country as a transit point en route to Dharamshala, India, where the Dalai Lama, Tibet’s exiled spiritual leader, resides. Nepalese law has long explicitly prohibited any public protests, gatherings, or activities that are deemed hostile to any of Nepal’s friendly neighboring nations, including China.

In past years, Tibetan refugee communities in Nepal have held small public demonstrations that local law enforcement has stepped in to disperse. The annual birthday celebration of the Dalai Lama, which is marked by the local Tibetan community, is only permitted to be held within the private grounds of monasteries or Tibetan schools in Nepal, with uniformed police maintaining a heavy security presence at all such events to prevent any unauthorized public activity.

Against a backdrop of sustained military pressure from Beijing, Taiwan’s annual large-scale military exercise, the Han Kuang drills, has adopted a dramatically different framework this year, prioritizing operational adaptability and societal resilience over the traditional display of cutting-edge military hardware. Defense analysts say the restructured exercises offer clear evidence of deepening operational collaboration between Taipei and Washington, as both sides adapt to growing cross-strait instability.

The 2025 iteration of the Han Kuang drills launched Wednesday, with training activities spread across multiple locations across the island and scheduled to run through August 14. The live-fire segments of the exercise are designed to test Taiwan’s armed forces’ capacity to maintain continuous 24-hour defensive operations and counter Beijing’s so-called “gray-zone tactics” — incremental coercive actions that fall below the threshold of full-scale open conflict.

The cross-strait context for the drills remains longstanding but highly volatile: China claims the self-governing democratic island of Taiwan as part of its sovereign territory, and has repeatedly refused to rule out the use of military force to achieve unification. Taiwan, for its part, rejects Beijing’s territorial claims and maintains that it is a fully sovereign independent state. While the United States does not formally recognize Taiwan as an independent country, it views any coercive action against the island as a critical threat to regional stability, and is legally bound by domestic legislation to provide Taiwan with the defensive capabilities to protect itself.

Speculation about quiet U.S. military training assistance to Taiwan has circulated for decades, but operational cooperation between the two forces has become far more visible in recent months. A core innovation of this year’s Han Kuang drills is the integration of a U.S.-developed military communication practice known as backbriefing, in which frontline subordinates walk commanders through their planned execution of assigned missions.

Analysts note that this revised communication framework is explicitly designed to empower lower-level frontline troops to operate more independently and effectively in combat, particularly if chain-of-command structures are disrupted during an attack. William Yang, senior Northeast Asia analyst at the International Crisis Group, explained that the adoption of American-style training methodologies is the most significant new development in this year’s exercise. Unlike previous iterations of Han Kuang, which focused heavily on performative displays of firepower, Yang said the 2025 drills center explicitly on building practical, real-world combat capabilities.

A second major priority of this year’s exercise is the mass mobilization of reserve forces, with local media reporting that roughly 20,000 reservists will take part — one of the largest reserve mobilizations in the drill’s modern history. Taiwan’s Defense Ministry has not officially confirmed the total number of reservists participating, but analysts say the increased focus on reserve forces directly addresses the stark military asymmetry between Taiwan and China. Beijing maintains the world’s largest standing active-duty military, with more than 2 million active personnel — nearly nine times the size of Taiwan’s entire active-duty force.

The drills also place a renewed emphasis on urban resilience and civil defense, a longstanding priority for Taiwanese defense planners. Civil defense drills will be held in three major population centers: the capital Taipei, the central city of Taichung, and the southern port city of Kaohsiung. As part of these exercises, mobile internet speeds will be throttled for approximately 30 minutes to simulate the telecommunications interference and network disruption that would accompany a large-scale attack on the island.

Lev Nachman, a political science professor at National Taiwan University, explained that the focus on combat readiness and civilian preparedness aligns with President Lai Ching-te’s policy priorities, even as he faces significant domestic political constraints. Lai originally proposed a $40 billion special defense budget earmarked for U.S. arms purchases and expanded domestic defense manufacturing, but the opposition-controlled legislature only approved a scaled-back $24.8 billion version of the budget.

“Given that Lai has been constrained on his ability to pass a budget that could even supply the kinds of weapons he would want to test, he has had to look to what he is able to do given the domestic political gridlock,” Nachman noted.

Despite the growing military cooperation, significant uncertainty remains around U.S. security commitments to Taiwan. A $14 billion arms sales package negotiated during the Trump administration still awaits formal presidential approval, and Trump’s recent comments have sparked anxiety on the island. After a May visit to China, Trump described potential arms sales to Taiwan as a “very good negotiating chip” to use with Beijing, and added that he does not want to “travel 9,500 miles (15,300 kilometers) to fight a war” over Taiwan.

Against that uncertain backdrop, Nachman said the visible U.S. influence on this year’s Han Kuang drills offers a small sign of continued commitment from Washington. “Even though Trump and those close to him have flip-flopped on supporting Taiwan, the connection between the two militaries remains strong, enough to at least ensure that Taiwan is still able to learn at a high level from the U.S.,” Nachman said.

A growing wave of protests led by hundreds of students and government job aspirants has swept through India’s eastern state of Jharkhand, centered on widespread allegations of fraud and procedural misconduct in state-run recruitment examinations. What began as scattered demonstrations in late July has escalated into a sustained mass movement, drawing national attention and forcing political leaders to respond to the demonstrators’ core demands.

Protesters are calling for two key actions: the immediate cancellation of the preliminary civil service examination held this past April, followed by a full re-administration of the test, and a formal probe into suspected malpractice across multiple state recruitment drives by India’s top federal investigative agency, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). They have also added demands for a fast-track special court to hear all cases tied to the alleged irregularities, to speed up accountability for those involved.

The current unrest erupted after the release of the April preliminary exam results last month. Candidates raised red flags when answer sheets circulated online showed that many top-scoring applicants had answered far fewer questions correctly than lower-ranked candidates, stoking widespread suspicions of deliberate score manipulation and pre-exam leaks. These initial claims have since expanded into broader accusations of systemic corruption across Jharkhand’s entire government recruitment system.

Government roles remain one of the most sought-after career paths in India, with hundreds of thousands of candidates competing annually for the fixed salaries, job security, and benefits that civil service positions provide. For many young aspirants, fraud in these exams blocks the only viable path to economic stability, deepening public anger over the allegations.

The protests first launched on July 25, and gained major momentum four days later when thousands of demonstrators gathered at a stadium in Ranchi, Jharkhand’s capital, to launch an indefinite sit-in. As of this week, several protesters have escalated their demonstration to a hunger strike, including veteran political activist Devendra Nath Mahto, who ran in the state’s most recent election as a candidate for the Jharkhand Loktantrik Krantikari Morcha party. Mahto began his indefinite hunger strike this past Sunday, adding new urgency to the movement’s demands.

State Chief Minister Hemant Soren, who leads the ruling Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) in a coalition government with the national Indian National Congress, has acknowledged the gravity of the allegations. He confirmed that the state’s Criminal Investigation Department (CID) has launched an active probe, which is currently examining claims that the exam contract was awarded to a private agency that had previously been accused of recruitment irregularities. To date, more than a dozen individuals suspected of involvement have been arrested in connection with the case. Even before the protests began, Jharkhand Public Service Commission chairman L Khiangte resigned on July 22, and the commission has postponed the scheduled main civil service examination indefinitely.

The protests have quickly ignited a major political firestorm in Jharkhand, where Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s national ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) holds the opposition position. At the national level, the Congress party is the main opposition to Modi’s government, and it has framed the Delhi exam leak protests and subsequent police crackdown on demonstrators as a key critique of the Modi administration. Congress has publicly expressed its full support for the Jharkhand protesters. On the opposition side in Jharkhand, the BJP has organized its own demonstrations outside the state assembly against the ruling coalition, and several BJP lawmakers have met with Jharkhand’s protesters to announce their backing for their demands.

This movement comes on the heels of a much larger youth-led protest in the national capital Delhi last month, which was organized over widespread exam paper leak allegations and ultimately forced the resignation of a federal union minister. That high-profile incident put national pressure on the Jharkhand government, and the Delhi-based youth movement that organized the capital’s protests, the Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) — which is an independent grassroots movement, not a registered political party — has already pledged its full public support to the Jharkhand demonstrators.

In a candid interview released via his official office website on Wednesday, Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian has publicly addressed the current state of leadership coordination and national challenges facing the country, just months after a major shift in Iran’s top leadership post.

Pezeshkian made striking remarks confirming that dialogue and communication with Iran’s newly appointed Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei remains very “difficult at the moment.” Even with this noted challenge, he emphasized that the new leader’s tenure serves as a unifying core and significant source of strength for Iran as it navigates ongoing crises.

The president also leveled sharp accusations against the United States and Israel, claiming the two countries deliberately assassinated former Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, Mojtaba’s father, in a February 28 strike carried out out of “desperation.” Pezeshkian stated that the attack was planned with the explicit expectation that removing the long-serving former leader would trigger the collapse of Iran’s governing system. Contrary to those predictions, he noted, the nation remained stable and moved forward with a smooth leadership transition.

“However, the country continued, and our new beloved leader was selected,” Pezeshkian said in the interview. “Our new dear leader’s presence is a very great strength for us to be able to continue this path, although communication with him is very difficult at the moment.”

Mojtaba Khamenei was formally selected to assume the role of Supreme Leader by Iran’s influential Assembly of Experts in early March, just days after the death of his father. The appointment completed the planned leadership succession process outlined in Iran’s constitutional framework.

Beyond the internal leadership dynamics, Pezeshkian openly acknowledged that Iran is currently grappling with what he described as the most difficult set of circumstances in modern Iranian history. He outlined a range of mounting pressures facing the country, including intensified Western banking sanctions, sweeping restrictions on all foreign financial transactions, an effective naval blockade of Iranian ports, and an ongoing active military conflict in the region that continues to strain national resources.

On Thursday, North Korea carried out another launch of a short-range ballistic missile into waters off its eastern coast, according to statements from South Korea’s top military body, marking the latest in a string of weapons demonstrations Pyongyang has staged this year.

South Korea’s Joint Chiefs of Staff confirmed that detection systems picked up the launch originating from the Wonsan region, a coastal area in North Korea’s eastern territory, at approximately 5 p.m. local time (0900 GMT). In response to the provocation, South Korea’s military has raised its surveillance and monitoring alert level, and is maintaining close, coordinated intelligence sharing with both the United States and Japan, the statement added.

Japan’s defense ministry also corroborated the launch, noting that the projectile fired appeared to be a ballistic missile, but confirmed no damage or impact was recorded in Japanese territory or its surrounding maritime areas.

The latest test aligns with a consistent pattern of military expansion from North Korea that has continued since 2019, when high-profile diplomatic negotiations between North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and then-U.S. President Donald Trump collapsed without any agreement on denuclearization. Since that breakdown, Kim has prioritized growing and modernizing the country’s nuclear and missile stockpiles. Independent defense analysts widely agree that Kim’s end goal is to secure international recognition of North Korea as a legitimate nuclear-armed state, a status that would allow him to push for the full removal of harsh international economic sanctions that have restricted Pyongyang’s economy for decades.

Just one month prior to this latest launch, Kim personally oversaw a series of weapons tests, including trials of a new nuclear-capable cruise missile, conducted aboard North Korea’s newly commissioned 5,000-ton destroyer. After years of centering military development on advancing ballistic missile technology, Kim has increasingly shifted his focus to expanding naval capabilities in recent months. Current plans include the construction of the country’s first domestically built nuclear-powered submarine. When outlining his administration’s five-year military development goals at the Workers’ Party Congress in January, Kim specifically called for advancing development of intercontinental ballistic missiles capable of being launched from underwater platforms.

Beyond military modernization, Kim has also worked to expand North Korea’s global diplomatic standing in recent years by deepening bilateral ties with Russia. Multiple international intelligence assessments have confirmed that North Korea has supplied conventional weapons and deployed military personnel to support Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.