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  • Watch: ‘It smells like a dumpster’ – Stinky corpse flowers make rare bloom

    Watch: ‘It smells like a dumpster’ – Stinky corpse flowers make rare bloom

    One of nature’s most unusual botanical events is making a rare appearance: the blooming of the infamous corpse flower, a species renowned for its overwhelmingly foul scent. Unlike common garden blooms that attract pollinators with sweet fragrances, this extraordinary plant evolved to emit an aroma that is far from pleasant, with comparisons ranging from rotting flesh and moldy stinky cheese to overcooked boiled cabbage. Many visitors who have approached the blooming flowers have described the stench as being similar to that of an overflowing dumpster, a sensory experience that has become as much of a draw as the flower’s rare bloom itself. What makes this event even more notable is how short-lived the display is. Once the corpse flower opens its large petals, it remains in bloom for only 24 to 48 hours, making each opening a highly anticipated occurrence for botanical gardens and plant enthusiasts around the world. The short blooming window means that only a small number of people get the chance to witness (and smell) the phenomenon in person each time it occurs, adding to its reputation as one of the most unique events in the plant world. Botanists note that corpse flowers typically take years to store enough energy to bloom, so these rare openings are the culmination of a long growth period, making the short, pungent display all the more remarkable for the scientific community and casual observers alike.

  • US Supreme Court seeks major boost in security funding over threat increase

    US Supreme Court seeks major boost in security funding over threat increase

    In an extremely rare public appearance before lawmakers on Capitol Hill, two sitting U.S. Supreme Court Justices from opposite ideological sides joined forces Tuesday to urge Congress to approve a massive $228 million budget request that would dramatically increase security funding for the nation’s highest court. The proposed budget marks a 53% jump from the previous year’s allocation, with the overwhelming majority of the new funding earmarked for expanded safety protections for justices and their families amid a documented surge in violent threats.

    Conservative Justice Amy Coney Barrett, who joined the court in 2020, opened her testimony before the House Appropriations Committee by detailing the daily toll that constant safety risks have placed on her personal life, including two alarming incidents that brought threats directly to her door. Just six weeks before her testimony, Barrett was targeted in a dangerous swatting attack, a harmful prank where bad actors send false emergency reports to draw heavily armed police responses to a target’s home. Barrett described the chaos of dozens of law enforcement vehicles surrounding her residential property after a caller falsely reported an active shooting with multiple casualties at her home.

    Barrett also recalled a troubling moment shortly after she joined the 2022 majority vote to overturn the federal constitutional right to abortion established in Roe v. Wade: her own security detail provided her with a bulletproof vest to wear at all times outside the court. She told the committee that the hardest part of the constant threat has been explaining safety measures to her children, saying, “I didn’t expect that performing this service was going to put me in the position of explaining to my children what a bulletproof vest was and why I had to wear one.”

    Joining Barrett was veteran liberal Justice Elena Kagan, who echoed the call for increased funding, citing official court police projections that violent threats against Supreme Court justices will jump 38% this fiscal year alone. Kagan emphasized that growing political polarization across the United States has supercharged threats, while rapid advances in artificial intelligence have opened new dangerous vectors of attack, including exponentially more sophisticated and frequent cyberattacks targeting court infrastructure.

    “For some of us, those threats have come very close, and all of us live with the knowledge that they may again materialize,” Kagan told lawmakers, adding that AI-powered cyber threats have grown “by magnitudes” in recent years, outpacing the court’s existing security capacity.

    Data presented during the hearing backed up the justices’ concerns. Citing a recent report from the U.S. Marshals Service, committee ranking member Rosa DeLauro noted that as of July 1, more than 370 threats against federal judges have already been documented in the current fiscal year – a 31% increase compared to the same period last year, a trend DeLauro called “deeply alarming.”

    One of the most high-profile recent threats targeted Chief Justice John Roberts: in October, a woman was sentenced to eight years in federal prison after law enforcement found a vehicle stocked with multiple firearms and discovered she had explicitly planned to harm Roberts. The incident underscored the immediate nature of the risks justices face.

    Barrett told committee members that the court currently assigns between four and eight security personnel to each justice for around-the-clock protection, depending on the context and threat level. She explained that the additional funding would allow the court to expand security details to bring protection for Supreme Court justices in line with that provided to U.S. cabinet-level officials, who receive more robust permanent security support.

    “The threats are constant and they’re always there,” Barrett said.

    Tuesday’s hearing marked the first time sitting Supreme Court justices have testified before this congressional committee since 2019, a rare break from the court’s usual tradition of keeping public engagements with lawmakers limited. Multiple committee members used the hearing to note that more frequent public engagement between the court and Congress could help rebuild fading public trust in the nation’s highest judicial body. Recent polling from the Pew Research Center finds that just 50% of U.S. adults now hold a favorable view of the Supreme Court, down sharply from 70% just two years ago.

    The appearance comes just weeks after the Supreme Court wrapped up its 2025-2026 term, which saw the court issue landmark divisive rulings on high-profile issues ranging from trade tariffs and voting rights to birthright citizenship. As with most recent terms, the decisions drew both fierce praise and fierce criticism from across the political spectrum, with a wave of targeted harassment directed at justices in the aftermath of the most contentious rulings.

  • Billionaire Warren Buffett stops donations to Bill Gates charity

    Billionaire Warren Buffett stops donations to Bill Gates charity

    For two decades, billionaire investor Warren Buffett stood as one of the most significant backers of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, pouring more than $47 billion into the organization’s global charitable work. That long-standing partnership has now come to an abrupt end, just months after new details of Bill Gates’ professional and personal ties to convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein came to light.

    When Buffett first made his commitment to the foundation in 2006, he pledged irrevocably to donate annual shares of his holding company Berkshire Hathaway to the foundation for the entirety of his lifetime. This week, however, the 95-year-old investor released a revised list of recipient organizations for his annual multi-billion dollar stock gifts, and the Gates Foundation was noticeably absent from the roster. Instead, all of the upcoming donations will be divided between four family-led foundations tied to Buffett’s own relatives.

    Buffett announced a timeline to fully distribute his remaining Berkshire Hathaway shares by December 31, 2034, a full eight years from now. Acknowledging the inherent uncertainty of human lifespan, he noted that regardless of circumstances, all of his remaining stock would be transferred to the four family foundations by that deadline one way or another.

    The break in donations follows a cascade of new revelations about Gates’ relationship with Epstein, a financier who died in 2019 in a New York prison while awaiting trial on federal sex trafficking charges. Declassified documents released by the U.S. Department of Justice in early 2024 first pulled the connection back into the public spotlight, and Gates testified before the U.S. House Oversight Committee in June to answer questions about his years of interactions with Epstein.

    During his congressional testimony, Gates explained that he was first introduced to Epstein in 2011, with the meeting framed around a potential opportunity to raise billions of dollars for the Gates Foundation’s core global health initiatives. Gates acknowledged he was aware that Epstein had prior criminal convictions, including a 2008 guilty plea for soliciting prostitution from a minor, but said he failed to grasp the full scope of Epstein’s crimes. “I should never have met with Epstein in the first place,” Gates told the committee, adding that even if Epstein had delivered on his promised fundraising, the connection would never have been justified.

    Buffett has not explicitly referenced either Gates or Epstein in his official statements about the revised donation plan. But in comments to CNBC back in March, Buffett confirmed he had not spoken to Gates since the Epstein connection was publicly re-examined earlier this year. He added at the time that he wanted to avoid being placed in a position where he could be called as a witness in any ongoing proceedings related to the case.

    In a response to the end of Buffett’s donations, a spokesperson for the Gates Foundation expressed gratitude for his 20 years of support. The organization emphasized that it remains on solid financial footing, with Bill Gates’ own $200 billion commitment to the foundation’s endowment that will allow its work to continue through 2045.

    The end of Buffett’s donations marks another major shift for the foundation in recent years, following the 2021 divorce of Bill and Melinda Gates after 27 years of marriage. Last year, Melinda French Gates stepped down from her role as co-chair of the foundation she co-founded, and has since launched her own initiatives focused on gender equity, including a $1 billion commitment to advancing women’s rights across the United States. Buffett and the Gates couple first partnered in 2010 to launch the Giving Pledge, a global initiative that encourages the world’s ultra-wealthy to donate the majority of their fortunes to charitable causes during their lifetimes or through their estates.

  • Meet ‘Gus’, the world’s most expensive Tyrannosaurus rex

    Meet ‘Gus’, the world’s most expensive Tyrannosaurus rex

    A remarkable 67-million-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex fossil, nicknamed ‘Gus’, has made history by becoming the most expensive dinosaur fossil ever sold at auction, surpassing a record that stood for less than a full year. The fossil, which preserves rare bone structure from one of the most iconic predators to ever walk the Earth, fetched a final sale price that outstripped the previous high mark set by a well-preserved Stegosaurus specimen auctioned in 2024. Paleontology enthusiasts and private collectors alike have followed the sale closely, as high-profile dinosaur fossil auctions continue to spark conversation about accessibility to important prehistoric specimens. The unprecedented price tag for ‘Gus’ underscores the intense demand among private collectors for one-of-a-kind prehistoric artifacts, a trend that has reshaped the market for rare fossils over the past decade. While the sale confirms the significant cultural and commercial value of iconic dinosaur remains, it also reignites ongoing debate within the scientific community about whether such rare specimens should remain publicly accessible for research rather than entering private collections. Experts note that ‘Gus’ offers valuable insights into the biology and evolution of Tyrannosaurus rex, one of the most studied yet still poorly understood apex predators of the Cretaceous period. The new record set by this sale signals a continuing shift in the global fossil market, where rare, charismatic specimens draw increasingly high bids from wealthy collectors around the world.

  • Trump pays writer E Jean Carroll $5m in damages over sexual abuse and defamation

    Trump pays writer E Jean Carroll $5m in damages over sexual abuse and defamation

    Three years after a U.S. civil court found former President Donald Trump legally liable for the sexual abuse and defamation of writer E. Jean Carroll, Carroll’s legal team has confirmed that the full awarded damages plus accrued interest, totaling more than $5.62 million, have been successfully transferred to Carroll.

    In a brief public statement released Tuesday, Roberta Kaplan, lead counsel for Carroll, confirmed that the long-awaited payment aligned with the damages grant originally handed down by the jury. The resolution comes after a drawn-out series of appeals and efforts by Trump’s legal team to delay the disbursement, which concluded only after a court order forced the payout last week. A spokesperson for Trump’s legal camp declined to issue any on-the-record comment about the completed transfer.

    The case at the center of the payment dates back to the mid-1990s, when Carroll, now an 82-year-old former magazine columnist, alleged that Trump sexually assaulted her inside a fitting room at the luxury Bergdorf Goodman department store in Manhattan. Years later, Carroll filed her civil suit after Trump issued a categorical denial of her claims on his Truth Social platform in 2022, which she argued amounted to defamation.

    In 2023, a jury seated in New York reached a unanimous verdict upholding Carroll’s claims and ordered Trump to pay $5 million in compensatory and punitive damages. Immediately after the ruling, Trump deposited the awarded sum into a court-managed holding account, where it remained frozen through the multi-year appeals process.

    Trump and his legal team have repeatedly denounced the entire proceedings as a politically motivated “hoax” and “witch hunt”, claiming the case was improperly financed by Democratic political opponents. They have also argued that presiding Judge Lewis Kaplan improperly allowed evidence that biased the jury against their client, creating unfair prejudice. These legal challenges were rejected repeatedly by higher courts: a federal appeals court upheld the jury’s original verdict last year, finding that Kaplan had not committed legal errors that would justify overturning the ruling or ordering a new trial. Last month, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to take up Trump’s appeal, removing the final legal barrier to the release of funds to Carroll.

    Following the Supreme Court’s decision, Carroll celebrated the outcome in a post on her Substack blog, writing: “WE WON!” and adding, “THIS WIN IS FOR EVERY WOMAN IN THE WORLD!”

    This is not the only outstanding legal defeat for Trump related to his interactions with Carroll. In a separate 2024 defamation case brought by Carroll, a second jury found Trump liable and awarded Carroll nearly $84 million in additional damages. Trump has appealed that ruling as well, but a panel of federal judges has already rejected his challenge to that verdict.

  • Trump scraps threat of 20% fee on Hormuz cargo as US prepares to resume blockade of Iran ports

    Trump scraps threat of 20% fee on Hormuz cargo as US prepares to resume blockade of Iran ports

    Escalating military clashes between the United States and Iran have thrown global energy supplies into chaos, forcing a sudden reversal of one of the Trump administration’s most controversial recent policy proposals. Just hours before a renewed US naval blockade of Iranian ports was set to go into effect, President Donald Trump announced he was abandoning his plan to impose a 20% fee on all commercial cargo passing through the strategically critical Strait of Hormuz. Instead, he says, the cost of US security operations in the waterway will be covered by large-scale trade and investment agreements with Gulf Cooperation Council nations. The sudden shift came amid rapidly intensifying cross-border strikes that have virtually halted tanker traffic through the chokepoint, driving international oil prices sharply higher and sending shockwaves through global energy markets.

  • ICE told to halt most vehicle stops after pair of fatal shootings

    ICE told to halt most vehicle stops after pair of fatal shootings

    U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has issued an urgent directive ordering its agents to pause nearly all routine vehicle stops across the country, a sweeping policy change triggered by two recent fatal shootings of immigrants by agency personnel in Texas and Maine that have reignited widespread anger over the agency’s use of force. Multiple U.S. media outlets, citing anonymous law enforcement sources, confirmed that the suspension only excludes stops targeting individuals linked to serious criminal activity.

    This policy shift comes as ICE has faced mounting scrutiny over the last year, with repeated accusations of excessive force and growing public and political backlash over multiple deaths that have occurred during the agency’s immigration enforcement operations. The BBC has formally reached out to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), ICE’s parent agency, to request official comment on the new suspension order.

    The most recent deadly incident unfolded in Biddeford, Maine, roughly 15 miles south of Portland, where an ICE agent shot and killed a 26-year-old Colombian national during a routine enforcement operation. DHS officials have claimed the officer opened fire “fearing for public safety” after the man attempted to drive away from the scene when agents tried to stop his vehicle, but the department has offered no specific details about what threat the man was alleged to pose.

    Immigration advocates have pushed back on the official account, confirming that the man — who has not yet been formally identified publicly — held valid work authorization in the U.S. and had a Social Security number. In a joint statement condemning the killing, the Maine Immigrants’ Rights Coalition and Presente! Maine called the death “devastating, enraging, and unacceptable.”

    Less than one week before the Maine shooting, a second fatal incident left 52-year-old Lorenzo Salgado Araujo, a Mexican national who had lived in the U.S. for decades, dead after an ICE officer shot him during a morning stop in Houston, Texas. Araujo was shot while driving to his job at approximately 7 a.m. local time. DHS later clarified that agents initiated the stop after mistaking Araujo for a target in an ongoing operation, claiming the officer acted in self-defense during the encounter. However, witnesses who were passengers in Araujo’s van and the victim’s family have directly disputed DHS’s version of events, and the agency’s independent watchdog has launched a formal investigation into the killing.

    Protests have broken out across the country in response to both of the latest fatal shootings. The two deaths are not isolated incidents: earlier this year, nationwide protests erupted after two U.S. citizens, 37-year-old Renée Good and 37-year-old Alex Pretti, were shot and killed by ICE agents during January raids in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Since January 2025, at least seven people have been killed during ICE enforcement operations, according to reporting from Reuters.

    The growing backlash over these deaths has already triggered leadership changes at the top of DHS. After returning to the White House, U.S. President Donald Trump — who fulfilled a core campaign promise by launching a large-scale mass deportation campaign shortly after taking office — replaced former DHS Secretary Kristi Noem with U.S. Senator Markwayne Mullin of Oklahoma. Former Border Patrol Chief Gregory Bovino was also removed from his post not long after the leadership shakeup at the agency.

  • Another heatwave hits parts of US and Canada

    Another heatwave hits parts of US and Canada

    Millions of residents across the United States and Canada are grappling with a second consecutive extreme heatwave this month, bringing soaring temperatures, stifling humidity and hazardous air quality to vast swathes of North America.

    The scorching conditions, which first settled over the region on Tuesday, are forecast to hold steady through Wednesday for major population centers in southern Canada, the U.S. Midwest and the U.S. Northeast. Millions of people across major cities including Boston, New York City, Philadelphia and Buffalo remain under official heat advisories through the end of the midweek period, while residents in western U.S. states have already endured multiple days of dangerous high temperatures.

    Meteorologists trace the extreme heat to a sprawling upper-atmosphere high-pressure system, often referred to as a heat dome, that has been shifting steadily eastward across the North American continent. This dense mass of hot, moisture-heavy air has already shattered all-time temperature records across parts of Montana and Utah, and its eastward shift has now put the northern Plains, Midwest and Northeast in the path of the most intense conditions.

    Forecasts call for Chicago to hit a high of 97 degrees Fahrenheit (36 degrees Celsius) on Wednesday, while New York City is expected to reach 100°F and Washington D.C. could see a high of 102°F. A handful of isolated locations are projected to climb even higher, with thick humidity pushing the “feels-like” temperature far above the actual air reading, amplifying health risks for sensitive groups.

    In Canada, central and eastern regions have also baked under the heat, but an approaching cold front is expected to bring down temperatures over the coming days. However, this shift in weather will bring a new hazard: severe thunderstorms that will also impact parts of the U.S. New England region. By the weekend, these thunderstorms will spread across most of eastern North America, pushing the most dangerous peak heat out of the region, though most locations are still expected to see temperatures well above the seasonal average for mid-July.

    This heatwave comes just two weeks after a historic, record-breaking heatwave coincided with the U.S. Fourth of July holiday, causing widespread disruption. Over 165 million Americans across the East Coast and Midwest endured dangerous high temperatures, the July 4 parade in Washington D.C. was canceled due to health risks, and official reports attribute at least 44 deaths across the country to that earlier heat event.

    Climate experts emphasize that the increasing frequency of back-to-back extreme heatwaves is a direct consequence of human-caused climate change. Since the start of the industrial era, the global average temperature has already risen approximately 1.1 degrees Celsius, and scientists warn that temperatures will continue to climb unless major global economies implement steep, sustained cuts to greenhouse gas emissions.

  • ‘Explosive diarrhoea’ outbreak remains a mystery as officials struggle to find sources

    ‘Explosive diarrhoea’ outbreak remains a mystery as officials struggle to find sources

    A summer outbreak of cyclosporiasis, a parasitic infection spread via contaminated food and water, has spread across 31 U.S. states and sickened more than 3,000 people, leaving public health experts scrambling to identify its source and slow transmission amid unique investigative challenges and strained public health resources.

    The illness, which is rarely fatal, is defined by its primary symptom: severe, watery diarrhea that strikes abruptly. As of current reports, Michigan has borne the brunt of the outbreak with more than 2,600 confirmed cases, followed by New York State with a smaller but still significant caseload. Despite weeks of investigation, health officials have not yet pinpointed the original contaminated source of the parasite, and have only issued general guidance to the public: thoroughly wash all produce, avoid certain high-risk fruits including raspberries, and cook vegetables thoroughly to destroy the pathogen.

    Public health investigators have described tracing the parasite as an extraordinarily difficult task, compounded by multiple biological and systemic barriers. “This isn’t like detecting a needle in a haystack. It’s like detecting a microscopic portion of a needle in a haystack,” explained Steven Manderach, executive director of the Association of Food and Drug Officials, who previously addressed cyclosporiasis outbreaks as a food safety official in Iowa.

    Biologically, the parasite’s long incubation period creates a major hurdle for investigators. Unlike most foodborne illnesses that cause symptoms within hours of consumption, cyclosporiasis takes one to two weeks to trigger illness in infected people, explained Jodie Guest, senior vice chair of epidemiology at Emory University’s Rollins School of Public Health. By the time most people seek care and report their illness, they often cannot recall every food they ate in the preceding two weeks, breaking a key link investigators rely on to trace contamination sources.

    Testing for the parasite in food supplies is also far more labor-intensive and complex than testing for other common pathogens. To isolate cyclospora, investigators must wash massive quantities of potentially contaminated produce to collect any parasite particles present, then concentrate the sample before testing can begin. “You’d have to have truckloads of lettuce to get to that point,” Manderach noted. The broad geographic spread of cases, spanning 31 states, also suggests multiple contamination points in the national food supply, a factor that further complicates coordinated investigations.

    Many public health experts point to recent federal budget and staffing cuts to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) agencies as a critical additional barrier to solving the outbreak. As part of Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency cost-cutting initiative, Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr has implemented widespread cuts that have reduced capacity for key foodborne illness surveillance programs. Most notably, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet)—a federal program that previously tracked cyclospora, salmonella, listeria and other pathogens nationwide—scaled back monitoring last year to only track two pathogens, ending its systematic surveillance for cyclospora.

    In an internal memo to the state of Connecticut obtained by NBC News, the CDC acknowledged that “Funding has not kept pace” with the resources required to run the full FoodNet program. Guest, who previously worked on FoodNet operations, explained that the program previously collected patient data, tested food samples from state labs, and collated information at a national level to speed outbreak investigations. “When we see an outbreak or a cluster or something, we don’t have the data we normally expect to go back to use to help us, and this is one of those consequences,” she said. “You’re starting in the dark.”

    HHS officials have pushed back on criticism, telling the BBC that the CDC continues to collaborate with more than 3,000 local and state health departments to collect cyclospora data through alternative surveillance systems, and that overall health funding for foodborne illness work has “remained stable”. However, state health departments across the country report feeling the impact of reduced federal support. In Colorado, which has recorded 90 cases this year in line with typical annual totals, the state health department confirmed it has received less federal funding and operates with fewer staff assigned to case monitoring. “While our colleagues at the CDC are working hard to support state partners, we have had to adapt to federal changes,” said Hope Shuler, a spokesperson for Colorado’s public health department. The state has continued all core testing, monitoring and data reporting to the CDC despite the cuts, she added.

    Not all experts agree that the post-cut system is failing: Manderach noted that federal food safety agencies have largely maintained previous performance standards despite restructuring that began during the Trump administration, adding that “while yes, I do think there were challenges early on, most of those seem to have resolved.”

    Other public health leaders point to competing priorities that have stretched federal resources thin, including the ongoing deadly Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo that has demanded significant attention and funding. This resource strain has shifted more responsibility for foodborne illness outbreak investigations to state governments, explained Nancy Glick of the National Consumers League. “States are doing that now, but they don’t have the resources that the CDC had,” she said.

    Currently, the core investigative work relies on time-consuming interviews with every person who tests positive for cyclospora, asking them to recount every food they consumed in the two weeks before they developed symptoms. Investigators hope to identify a common contaminated product or exposure point that can be pulled from the market to end the outbreak. But experts note that this work requires extensive staffing, a resource many small local health departments simply do not have available. “It is pretty straightforward, but it takes a lot of person power to do it,” said David Weber, a professor of medicine, pediatrics and epidemiology at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

    For American consumers, the ongoing uncertainty has left them to rely on general prevention measures to avoid the uncomfortable illness. “At the moment, the list of things that you need to be concerned about is unfortunately quite long, making it feel really hard to control,” Guest said.

  • Watch: Maine residents protest latest ICE shooting

    Watch: Maine residents protest latest ICE shooting

    Hundreds of Maine residents have taken to the streets of Biddeford to voice their outrage over the fatal shooting of a Colombian national by a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agent during a recent immigration enforcement operation in the southern Maine town. The incident, which unfolded this week, has ignited fresh tensions over federal immigration tactics and sparked widespread calls for transparency from community members and activist groups across the state.

    Protesters gathered at the site of the operation holding signs calling for greater accountability for ICE personnel and an independent investigation into the circumstances of the shooting. Many attendees shared concerns about the use of lethal force during routine immigration actions, highlighting long-simmering frustrations over aggressive enforcement practices in small, tight-knit New England communities. Speakers at the rally also emphasized the need for immigrant communities to feel safe in their homes, noting that the shooting has left many local immigrant residents fearing for their own security.

    Local law enforcement agencies have confirmed that the ICE agent opened fire during the operation, though few additional details about what led to the shooting have been released to the public as of yet. ICE officials have not yet commented on the identity of the individual or the specific actions that preceded the shooting, a lack of information that has only amplified community anger and demands for a full public accounting. Advocacy groups that support immigrant rights have already organized follow-up community meetings to discuss next steps, including pushing state lawmakers to review local agreements that govern collaboration between local police and federal immigration authorities.