分类: world

  • Nigeria police warn against reprisal attacks against South Africans

    Nigeria police warn against reprisal attacks against South Africans

    Tensions are escalating across West and Southern Africa in recent weeks, after widespread public demonstrations in South Africa demanding harsh new restrictions on undocumented migrants have sparked cross-border security concerns. A South African activist group called March and March organized the protests, which have pushed the issue of immigration to the top of the regional diplomatic agenda. The group has set a 30 June deadline for all undocumented migrants to voluntarily leave South Africa, framing its campaign as a push for systemic immigration reform that eases strain on overburdened domestic public services. Protesters have also argued that unvetted migration has fueled higher crime rates, claims that South African authorities have not independently verified.

    While South African police have not confirmed any targeted violent attacks on foreign nationals, the national government has publicly condemned any criminal acts directed at people from other countries. The growing unrest has already prompted other African nations to take precautionary measures: Ghana recently organized the evacuation of hundreds of its citizens from South Africa, and multiple governments have issued advisory warnings urging their nationals residing in the country to maintain heightened vigilance for personal safety.

    In response to widespread public anger in Nigeria over unsubstantiated reports of attacks on Nigerian citizens in South Africa, Nigerian law enforcement has issued an urgent official warning against retaliatory action targeting South African people or commercial assets operating within Nigeria’s borders. The statement came after a high-level meeting between senior national security and intelligence leaders, convened to assess the cross-border fallout from the South African protests.

    Aliyu Giwa, a senior spokesperson for the Nigerian Police Force, outlined the force’s position in an official post shared to the social platform X. “We recognise the pain and anger caused by recent attacks on Nigerians abroad,” Giwa wrote. “As an institution dedicated to protecting Nigerian lives, we understand these concerns deeply. However, this is a time for calm and restraint. Violence would not protect Nigerians abroad and would only create additional crises.”

    Giwa confirmed that the Nigerian government is already engaging with South African officials at the highest diplomatic levels to address security concerns for Nigerian citizens. To prevent outbreaks of retaliatory violence, Nigerian police have deployed enhanced security patrols and protective measures around foreign diplomatic missions, critical national infrastructure, and other sites deemed sensitive to national and international security.

    The police force emphasized that any deliberate action targeting South African nationals, diplomatic properties, legitimate businesses, or other legal assets operating in Nigeria will be prosecuted as a criminal offense under Nigerian law. The region has existing precedent for escalating tensions over anti-migrant violence: past outbreaks of xenophobic attacks in South Africa triggered severe diplomatic rifts and retaliatory violence in Nigeria, where dozens of South African-owned commercial properties were vandalized and looted in waves of unrest.

  • France intercepts sanctioned Russian oil tanker, Macron says

    France intercepts sanctioned Russian oil tanker, Macron says

    A high-seas interdiction of a sanctioned Russian oil tanker carried out by French naval forces in the Atlantic Ocean on Sunday has triggered a sharp diplomatic dispute between Paris and Moscow, with top officials on both sides trading starkly opposing claims over the legality of the operation. Backed by allied partners including the United Kingdom, the French navy intercepted the tanker *Tagor* approximately 400 nautical miles off the western coast of Brittany in international waters. According to French President Emmanuel Macron, the vessel was found to be flying a false flag to conceal its identity and origins when it was detained.

    In a public post on social platform X, Macron emphasized that the action was fully justified. He argued that the deliberate circumvention of international sanctions, violation of established maritime law, and connection to funding Russia’s ongoing military campaign in Ukraine—now entering its fifth year—are completely unacceptable. Macron further stressed that the entire interception was conducted in full adherence to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, adding that unregulated shadow fleet tankers that disregard basic navigation rules also create severe environmental and public safety hazards for all maritime traffic. Footage released by the French presidency shows armed French naval personnel boarding the tanker via helicopter, though the BBC has not yet independently confirmed the authenticity of the video.

    The Kremlin has responded with fierce condemnation of the seizure, labeling the operation an “illegal” act that amounts to international piracy. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov told reporters that Russia is already implementing active countermeasures to protect the security of its maritime cargo shipments.

    The interception of the *Tagor* marks the fourth time since September 2025 that French authorities have boarded a suspected Russian shadow fleet tanker. Previously, Paris opted to allow detained vessels to resume their journeys after owners paid administrative fines, but French officials have recently toughened their stance, vowing to block any future transits by sanctioned ships.

    The UK, another key Western ally in enforcing sanctions on Russian oil, has adopted a similar approach. In March, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer authorized the UK military to board sanctioned Russian shadow fleet tankers. However, an independent analysis conducted by BBC Verify has found that nearly 200 vessels linked to Russia’s shadow fleet have entered UK territorial waters since Starmer first announced the interception policy in mid-March. The UK Ministry of Defence has only stated that it is engaged in “disrupting and deterring” unauthorized shadow fleet traffic, declining to release specific operational data to back up its claims.

    Russia’s extensive network of shadow fleet tankers, characterized by hidden ownership structures and deliberate obfuscation of shipping routes, was developed after Western nations imposed sweeping sanctions on Russian crude and product exports following Moscow’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The network allows Russia to continue selling oil to global buyers in violation of international sanctions, generating billions in revenue that the Kremlin has used to fund its war effort.

  • A secret bunker, tunnel and a Star of David tell a story of Jewish resistance in a Polish town

    A secret bunker, tunnel and a Star of David tell a story of Jewish resistance in a Polish town

    BEDZIN, Poland — A cache of historically significant artifacts, including a Star of David armband, a hidden underground bunker, and a connecting tunnel, have been uncovered at a former two-story redbrick house in southern Poland — a site that once sheltered Jewish resistance members fleeing Nazi persecution during World War II. The recent discovery comes amid ongoing preservation work at the property, which sits within the boundaries of the Bedzin ghetto established by Nazi occupation forces.

  • Holocaust survivor Tomi Reichental dies aged 90

    Holocaust survivor Tomi Reichental dies aged 90

    Tomi Reichental, a Holocaust survivor who devoted decades of his life to educating global generations about the atrocities of Nazi Germany, has passed away at the age of 90. Reichental leaves behind a decades-long legacy of remembrance that transformed how communities across Ireland understood the horrors of the Holocaust.

    Born in 1935 to a Jewish farming family in Czechoslovakia, Reichental’s childhood was shattered by the Nazi occupation of Europe. In 1944, when he was just nine years old, he and his entire family were rounded up and deported to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in northern Germany. The genocide stole 35 of his close family members, one of nearly 70,000 lives lost at the camp – including that of diarist Anne Frank, one of the most famous victims of the Holocaust.

    When British troops liberated Bergen-Belsen in April 1945, Reichental emerged as a young survivor carrying deep trauma that would shape the rest of his life. After decades of building a quiet life, he chose to step into the public eye to share his story, driven by a growing fear that the world was beginning to forget the catastrophic costs of hatred and prejudice. In a 2019 interview with BBC News NI, he explained his motivation: “I started to speak because I thought I owed it to the victims and that their memory is not forgotten.”

    Reichental resettled in Ireland in 1959, raising his family in Dublin and becoming a beloved and respected member of the country’s Jewish community. Over his decades of advocacy, he reached tens of thousands of young people across Ireland and Northern Ireland, speaking in schools, community centers, and public events ahead of annual Holocaust Memorial Day. In 2011, he cemented his story in published history with the release of his autobiography *I Was a Boy in Belsen*, and his life and experiences were the focus of two feature documentaries about his time in Bergen-Belsen. One of his most notable public engagements came in 2019, when he spent two weeks touring Northern Ireland alongside fellow survivor Susan Pollock, sharing their first-hand accounts with hundreds of school students to ensure the next generation would never repeat the mistakes of the past.

    In the wake of his passing, leaders across Ireland have paid tribute to Reichental’s extraordinary contribution to public life. Irish President Catherine Connolly highlighted that he brought intimate, personal knowledge of the suffering his family endured at Bergen-Belsen to widespread public attention, leaving an indelible mark on Irish society. Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister) Micheál Martin said he was deeply saddened by the news of Reichental’s death, noting that the survivor dedicated his entire post-war life to teaching new generations about the evil of the Holocaust. “As a cherished member of Ireland’s Jewish community, Tomi leaves a lasting legacy of dignity, courage and enlightenment of others about the dangers of hatred and antisemitism,” Martin said.

    The Jewish Representative Council of Ireland also released a statement mourning Reichental’s passing, describing him as one of the country’s most remarkable voices for remembrance, education, and humanity. “Having survived the horrors of Bergen-Belsen as a child, he dedicated much of his later life to ensuring that future generations would learn from the Holocaust and understand the dangers of hatred, prejudice, and indifference,” the council said. The Holocaust, the systematic genocide carried out by Nazi Germany during World War II, claimed the lives of approximately 6 million Jewish people, including nearly 70 percent of all Jewish people living in Europe at the time.

  • Macron says French Navy, backed by the UK, intercepted a sanctioned tanker from Russia

    Macron says French Navy, backed by the UK, intercepted a sanctioned tanker from Russia

    In a coordinated operation with British support, the French Navy has seized a Russia-origin oil tanker subject to international sanctions over Moscow’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, marking the latest enforcement action by Western nations aiming to cut off funding for Vladimir Putin’s war machine.

    French President Emmanuel Macron broke the news of the interception in a public post on the social platform X on Monday, confirming that special forces boarded the vessel, named the Tagor, off the French coast in the Atlantic Ocean the previous day. The announcement was accompanied by dramatic footage showing a operator rappelling from a military helicopter onto the tanker’s deck. This seizure is not an isolated incident: it joins a growing list of French naval interdictions targeting tankers accused of evading Western sanctions on Russian crude exports.

    In his post, Macron emphasized that allowing vessels to bypass internationally agreed sanctions, violate maritime law, and funnel revenue into Russia’s ongoing aggression against Ukraine — now in its third full year — is unacceptable. He added that these unregulated vessels, which flout basic navigation rules, also pose significant risks to marine ecosystems and global maritime security.

    Crude oil export revenue remains one of the pillars of the Russian federal budget, a critical source of income that has allowed the Kremlin to ramp up military spending for its Ukraine campaign while avoiding severe domestic economic instability, including runaway inflation and a collapse of the ruble. Since the invasion began, Western nations have imposed sweeping price caps and trade bans on Russian oil, but Moscow has turned to a large “shadow fleet” of hundreds of unregistered or loosely regulated vessels to move crude to countries that have not joined the sanctions regime, effectively evading the restrictions. France and other coalition members have made cracking down on this shadow fleet a top enforcement priority.

    French maritime officials specified that the interception took place more than 400 nautical miles west of mainland France, in international waters of the Atlantic Ocean. The vessel was en route from Murmansk, Russia’s major northwestern Arctic port, when it was stopped. Authorities say the Tagor is suspected of operating under a falsified flag of convenience to hide its connections to Russian entities, and the French Navy is now escorting the tanker to a designated anchorage where it will undergo full inspections to confirm any violations.

    This latest operation follows a string of similar interdictions by French forces earlier this year. In March, French special forces boarded the tanker Deyna in the Mediterranean Sea, while the tanker Grinch was seized in the same region in January. The Grinch was ultimately released in February after its operators paid a multimillion-euro fine for sanctions violations.

    The Kremlin has already pushed back fiercely against the new interception. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov told reporters on Monday that Moscow views the French operation as unlawful, claiming the actions “border on piracy” and do not comply with existing standards of international maritime law.

    The Associated Press reports that journalist Elise Morton contributed reporting from London for this story.

  • In Finland, radioactive spent nuclear fuel soon to be buried underground

    In Finland, radioactive spent nuclear fuel soon to be buried underground

    Deep beneath the Finnish soil, 433 meters below the surface in the southwestern municipality of Eurajoki, a landmark engineering project is nearing its final stages. Carved into 1.9-billion-year-old geologically stable bedrock, Onkalo — Finnish for “cave” — is poised to become the world’s first permanent repository for high-level radioactive spent nuclear fuel, closing a decades-long gap in global nuclear waste management.

    Since the first commercial nuclear power plants launched in the 1950s, governments around the world have grappled with the intractable challenge of what to do with the toxic, long-lived byproducts of nuclear energy generation. To date, the vast majority of global spent nuclear fuel remains in temporary above-ground or shallow storage facilities, a stopgap solution that leaves future generations to bear the risk of contamination. While other nations including neighboring Sweden and France have plans for similar permanent repositories in development, Finland is on track to commission its facility first, breaking new ground for the global nuclear industry.

    The project has cleared most regulatory hurdles already. Finland’s Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) is scheduled to release its final safety assessment this coming June, after which an operating license will be formally granted. Philippe Bordarier, chief executive of Finnish nuclear operator Teollisuuden Voima Oyj (TVO), told reporters the facility is on track to begin operations by the end of 2024, or more likely early 2025. The first canisters of spent fuel, currently cooled in water pools at the nearby Olkiluoto nuclear power plant on the Baltic Sea coast, will be the first to be moved to the permanent underground site.

    Once fully operational, Onkalo will hold a total of 6,500 tons of uranium waste, enough to accommodate all spent fuel produced by Finland’s five existing nuclear reactors, three of which are located at Olkiluoto. Developed by Finnish nuclear waste management firm Posiva, construction began at the site back in 2004, with total projected costs now reaching 1 billion euros ($1.16 billion).

    The facility is designed for millennia-long safety. Fuel will be deposited incrementally in Onkalo’s sprawling network of underground tunnels over the next century, with operations potentially extended if Finland approves and builds new nuclear reactors in the coming decades. After operations conclude, the entire vault will be sealed permanently, engineered to remain secure for at least 100,000 years. “Basically, it needs to be safe forever,” explained Lauri Parviainen, a Posiva chemist leading facility tours for media. Parviainen noted that after 100,000 years of radioactive decay, the waste will drop to roughly the same natural radioactivity level as the original uranium ore from which the fuel was manufactured.

    The multi-layer safety protocol is designed to prevent leakage over that extraordinary timeline. Above ground, spent fuel assemblies are first sealed inside thick, highly corrosion-resistant copper canisters. These canisters are then lowered into individually drilled holes in the tunnel bedrock, and the gaps are filled with dense bentonite clay to block water flow and radiation. Once a 300-meter disposal tunnel is completely filled, it is sealed off with a steel-reinforced concrete plug. “So if the bentonite stays in place, we are safe,” Parviainen said.

    STUK safety experts have run detailed risk assessments modeling potential hazards across up to a million years of future geologic change. Jarkko Kyllonen, a STUK nuclear safety specialist, told AFP that the first 10,000 years are the most critical period for maintaining canister integrity, when radioactivity levels remain highest. Key long-term risks include slow corrosion of the copper canisters and seismic activity associated with future ice ages, which could shift bedrock and damage the sealed containers. To date, however, all risk assessments have returned positive conclusions that the probability of leakage remains well within acceptable safety thresholds.

    Unlike similar projects in other nations that have faced fierce grassroots pushback, the Onkalo facility has enjoyed broad public support in Finland. Local opposition emerged when plans were first floated in the 1970s, but over time public trust in regulatory oversight has grown. “People have gotten used to it and they trust the assessments made by STUK,” said Matti Kojo, a social sciences professor at the University of Lappeenranta (LUT). He added that public support for nuclear power in Finland is currently at a historic high, amid global efforts to transition away from fossil fuels.

    That said, the project is not without its critics. The Finnish Association for Nature Conservation remains publicly opposed, warning that the facility imposes unmanageable long-term risk on future generations. “No one can guarantee the safety of Onkalo for thousands of years,” association director Tapani Veistola said in a statement to AFP.

    The facility comes as Finland actively expands its nuclear energy sector. Under current Finnish law, all nuclear waste produced within the country must be permanently stored on domestic soil — a policy that replaced the pre-1994 practice of exporting spent fuel to Russia. Finland’s current right-wing government has prioritized expanding nuclear generation to boost energy independence and cut carbon emissions, and is currently evaluating proposals for new small modular reactors (SMRs) across the country. Climate and Environment Minister Sari Multala told AFP that a framework for managing spent fuel from future SMRs has not yet been finalized, with an official assessment expected to be completed by March 2025.

  • ‘I could not see him one last time’: A family’s grief a year after Air India crash

    ‘I could not see him one last time’: A family’s grief a year after Air India crash

    It has been exactly 12 months since one of India’s deadliest aviation disasters shattered hundreds of lives, and for one bereaved family, the pain of losing a loved one remains as sharp as ever. Their grief is anchored in one unfulfilled, heart-wrenching wish: “I could not see him one last time.”

    On June 12, 2025, Air India Flight carrying 242 passengers and crew crashed shortly into its journey. In a tragedy that stunned the global aviation community, only one person on board survived the impact. All other 241 people perished, leaving behind extended networks of family members and friends whose lives have been permanently altered by the sudden loss.

    For many of the bereaved, the first anniversary of the crash has become a milestone for quiet mourning, reflection, and the slow, painful process of learning to live with an absence that can never be filled. For this family in particular, the inability to share a final goodbye with their loved one has left an open wound that time has yet to begin healing. As communities across India and abroad gather to honor the memory of those who died, calls for a full, transparent investigation into the cause of the crash continue to grow, with grieving relatives demanding accountability and answers that have yet to be fully delivered. The disaster remains a stark reminder of aviation safety risks and the lasting ripple effects that a single tragedy leaves on countless lives.

  • Israeli ministers who backed ethnic cleansing of Palestinians join New York parade

    Israeli ministers who backed ethnic cleansing of Palestinians join New York parade

    On a sunny Sunday in New York City, one of the most high-profile annual pro-Israel events on the U.S. political calendar unfolded against a shifting global and domestic landscape, marked by growing condemnation of Israel’s military campaign in Gaza and rising international isolation for the Israeli government. At the center of controversy this year were two far-right Israeli cabinet ministers who have openly advocated for extreme anti-Palestinian policies, who led a delegation of 13 Knesset members to the parade.

    Bezalel Smotrich, Israel’s extremist Finance Minister, has long pushed for the total expulsion of Palestinian people from Gaza and the complete destruction of the blockaded enclave. As early as May, Middle East Eye revealed that the Office of the Prosecutor at the International Criminal Court had submitted a confidential application for an arrest warrant against Smotrich, citing allegations of multiple war crimes and crimes against humanity against Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied West Bank. The charges against him include forced displacement, the illegal transfer of Israeli civilian settlers into occupied territory, and systemic persecution and apartheid, all classified as crimes against humanity under international law.

    Speaking to crowds gathered for the parade, Smotrich drew parallels between the New York event and the Jerusalem Flag March, an infamous ultra-nationalist procession that cuts through the Muslim Quarter of Jerusalem’s Old City. That annual event has a well-documented history of participants chanting violent anti-Arab slogans and physically assaulting Palestinian and Christian residents of the city.

    Smotrich was joined on the delegation by Amichai Eliyahu, Israel’s Heritage Minister, who gained global infamy last year for openly calling for the use of nuclear weapons against Gaza, which was home to 2.1 million Palestinian civilians before the outbreak of the current conflict. Eliyahu has also publicly supported a deliberate policy of starvation against the enclave’s population, stating there was nothing wrong with bombing Palestinian food and fuel stockpiles, and that the territory’s residents “should starve.”

    For decades, the New York Israel Day Parade has been a staple of local and national political life, widely regarded as an informal loyalty test for U.S. elected officials hoping to demonstrate their support for the Israeli government. But the 2025 iteration came as criticism of Israel’s military operations across Gaza, Lebanon, and Iran reaches new heights around the world.

    In a historic break with precedent, New York Mayor Zohran Mamdani — the city’s first Muslim mayor, and a longstanding public critic of Israeli policy — became the first mayor in the event’s history to skip the parade entirely. Mamdani has repeatedly accused Israel of perpetrating genocide in Gaza, and has publicly stated he would move to arrest Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu if Netanyahu visited New York City.

    Mamdani’s boycott comes as U.S. public opinion on Israel has shifted dramatically over the past three years. A recent April survey from the Pew Research Center found that 60% of American adults now hold an unfavorable view of Israel, a jump from 53% one year ago, and an increase of nearly 20 percentage points since 2022.

    This declining public support has coincided with growing scrutiny of decades of unwavering U.S. backing for Israel, which has received tens of billions of dollars in military aid and consistent diplomatic cover from successive U.S. presidential administrations.

    Israel’s global standing has also taken a hit from the economic ripple effects of recent escalating conflict between Israel and Iran, which has driven up global energy prices. Data from Moody’s Analytics shows that U.S. consumers have paid nearly $60 billion in extra fuel-related costs in just three months, with the average American household seeing an additional $447.19 in annualized costs as energy prices and air travel fares spiked across the country.

  • Iran attacks damage 20 US military sites since start of war, satellite images show

    Iran attacks damage 20 US military sites since start of war, satellite images show

    Forensic analysis of satellite imagery and on-the-ground videos conducted by BBC Verify has uncovered that Iran has carried out strikes damaging at least 20 United States military installations across the Middle East since the outbreak of the ongoing regional conflict — a scale of retaliatory attacks far larger than what American officials have publicly acknowledged. The verified findings paint a far different picture of the conflict than official Washington narratives, revealing deep gaps between public statements and on-the-ground reality.

    Since late February, Iranian forces have targeted critical military infrastructure spanning eight Middle Eastern nations: Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan, Bahrain and Oman. The damage has extended to cutting-edge American military hardware, including advanced air defense systems, refueling and surveillance aircraft, and radar installations, with total losses running into millions, and potentially billions, of dollars. Independent analysts note the actual number of hit sites could be as high as 28, meaning the confirmed 20 sites represent a conservative count.

    The Iranian strikes are a direct retaliatory response to three months of joint US-Israeli offensive operations across Iran and Lebanon. The Pentagon has stated that since launching Operation Epic Fury, it has struck more than 13,000 targets inside Iran. As counterattacks have unfolded, Iran’s Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei has publicly emphasized his military’s operational success, declaring in a statement earlier this week that the Middle East is no longer a safe space for American military outposts.

    This disclosure directly contradicts repeated claims from the White House that Iran’s military capabilities have been nearly completely degraded. Regional security analysts note that the verified damage to US facilities proves Tehran’s counteroffensive has been both more accurate and far more widespread than senior American officials have previously admitted. A senior US defense official declined to answer questions about BBC Verify’s findings, citing operational security requirements.

    In a bid to restrict independent scrutiny of the conflict, the US government has pressured commercial satellite provider Planet to enforce an indefinite block on new high-resolution imagery of Iran and most of the Middle East. The company has defended the restriction, claiming it was enacted to prevent its imagery from being used by adversarial actors to target US, allied and NATO-partner personnel and civilian populations. To work around this restriction, BBC Verify combined historical imagery from Planet with fresh satellite data from other international commercial providers to map and verify the damage from Iranian strikes.

    Among the most high-value assets destroyed are three cutting-edge Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) anti-ballistic missile batteries, located at Al Ruwais and Al Sader Airbases in the UAE and Muwaffaq Salti Airbase in Jordan. The US only operates eight THAAD batteries globally, with each unit costing roughly $1 billion to manufacture. Each battery requires a 100-person crew to operate, and individual interceptor missiles cost approximately $12.7 million apiece. Vice-Admiral Mark Mellett, former chief of the Irish Defence Forces, told BBC Verify that THAAD batteries form the core of a highly integrated regional US defense network that cannot be quickly or easily replaced after sustaining major damage.

    Satellite analysis also confirms that Iranian strikes caused heavy damage to US refueling and surveillance aircraft stationed at Prince Sultan Airbase in Saudi Arabia, with visible imagery showing damaged airframes and smoking impact craters. Analysts from open-source intelligence firm MAIAR identified one destroyed aircraft as an E-3 Sentry airborne surveillance plane, a platform that costs up to $700 million to replace.

    Multiple strikes have also hit key US installations in Kuwait, including Ali Al Salem Airbase and Camp Arifjan. Satellite analysis from MAIAR shows destroyed fuel storage bunkers, aircraft hangars and troop accommodation buildings at Ali Al Salem, which has been targeted repeatedly throughout the conflict. At Camp Arifjan, defense intelligence outlet Janes confirmed extensive damage to critical satellite communications infrastructure.

    While the full financial cost of the damage remains difficult to calculate, a May Pentagon estimate put the total cost of Operation Epic Fury at $29 billion, with the vast majority of that sum allocated to repairing or replacing equipment destroyed in combat. Congressional Democrats have repeatedly stated that this official estimate is far lower than the actual total cost of losses. BBC Verify’s analysis also confirms that at least 42 US aircraft have been destroyed or damaged since February, including F-15 and F-35 fighter jets, 24 MQ-9 Reaper drones, and an A-10 ground attack aircraft.

    Unlike the high-cost, cutting-edge hardware deployed by the US, Iran has relied heavily on low-cost, easily replaceable drones to carry out its strikes across the region. Security experts note that Iranian tactical doctrine has evolved rapidly over the course of the conflict, shifting from large, widespread missile barrages to smaller, far more precision-focused strikes on high-value targets.
    “Iran’s opening strikes were designed for mass volume: large waves of projectiles meant to overwhelm air and missile defenses through sheer numbers,” explained Dr. Kelly Grieco, an analyst with the Washington-based Stimson Center think tank. “Within days, however, Iran had shifted to smaller, more precisely targeted salvos, conserving remaining missiles and drones for specific high-value targets and concentrating fire where even near-misses can cause significant damage.”
    A MAIAR analyst added that the US military appeared to suffer from early-war complacency, failing to reposition high-value aircraft out of the range of Iranian drones and missiles even as Tehran adjusted its tactics. The analyst noted that Prince Sultan Airbase had already been targeted prior to the strike that destroyed multiple parked aircraft, giving US forces ample warning to reposition assets that they failed to act on.

    Khamenei has doubled down on Iran’s position, vowing that “the nations and lands of the region will no longer serve as shields for American bases,” adding that “America will no longer have a safe place in the region for mischief and the establishment of military bases, and day by day it will drift further from its former position.”
    Khamenei’s comments came just days before the fragile existing ceasefire between the US and Iran came under renewed strain. On Thursday, Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps announced it had targeted another American base in the region, following fresh US strikes on southern Iran.
    Dr. Grieco warned that if the ceasefire collapses and full-scale fighting resumes, the already sustained damage to US air defense capabilities leaves all American installations across the Gulf vulnerable to new strikes. “The current conflict has consumed US and partner air defense stocks at a significant rate,” she said. “There is no rapid path to replenishment, meaning any renewed Iranian assault would be met with only a fraction of the interceptors that were available when the conflict started.”

  • A year of grief and waiting: What remains when a plane falls from the sky

    A year of grief and waiting: What remains when a plane falls from the sky

    Nearly 12 months have passed since Air India Flight AI171, traveling from Ahmedabad to London, plummeted to the ground just 60 seconds after departing last June, leaving only one survivor among the 242 passengers and crew on board and claiming 19 additional lives on the ground. For Imtiyaz Ali, the disaster did not just take his elder brother Javed, Javed’s wife Mariam, and their two young children – it fractured the quiet rhythm of his entire family’s existence in Mumbai.

    When a reporter first reached out to Imtiyaz to request an interview, the pair planned to meet at the family’s Mumbai home. Hours later, Imtiyaz requested a location change: a dimly lit downtown business hotel. He explained why after they sat down: the family home has never felt the same since Javed and his family died. Though Javed built his life and career in the UK, like so many members of the Indian diaspora, he returned to Mumbai regularly to visit his mother and siblings. The space still holds his presence, Imtiyaz says – a quiet, unshakeable reminder of what is gone that ordinary daily routines cannot mend. His 70-something mother Farida Bano puts it more plainly: Javed is with her everywhere, day and night.

    The tragedy unfolded just days after the entire family gathered to celebrate Eid, what would be their final holiday together. In the chaotic, stunned aftermath of the crash, the family made the agonizing decision to shield Farida, a long-time heart patient, from the full truth. Air India officials and medical providers warned that the shock could trigger a fatal heart attack, so the news was broken in slow, painful fragments. First, they told her there had been an accident, and Mariam and the children were injured. When she pressed for news of Javed, Imtiyaz lied: they were all fine, he told her. But Farida knew something was wrong. Javed never went two days without calling her, she said. She could not sleep, consumed by worry over where her son was.

    Relatives eventually flew her to Ahmedabad under the false pretense of visiting an unwell family member. The moment she walked into the hotel room where the family had gathered, she knew the worst had happened. Imtiyaz told her outright: the plane had crashed, and Javed was gone.

    Over the past year, the grief has never lifted, woven into every ordinary moment of the family’s life. Farida still refers to Javed in the present tense, his favorite meals still appear at the dinner table, and family conversations still pause automatically where Javed would have spoken. The grief has taken a tangible physical toll: in September, Farida’s heart condition worsened dramatically, requiring doctors to insert three additional stents, bringing her total to five. Medical professionals confirmed that stress has aggravated her underlying heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure. When she cries for her lost son, Imtiyaz says, her blood sugar spikes immediately.

    Alongside unending grief, Imtiyaz carries growing frustration with Air India and its parent company the Tata Group. For months, he says, the family has pushed for regular updates on the crash investigation, the return of Javed and his family’s personal belongings, and the medical support officials initially promised. Most requests have been met with vague, delayed responses, and meaningful action only came after sustained media attention and public pressure, he claims. It took months for doctors arranged through Tata’s assistance program to even assess Farida’s condition. “We trusted them,” Imtiyaz says. “We thought they would stand with us.” The BBC has reached out to Air India for a response to the family’s allegations, but has not received a comment as of this reporting.

    Under international aviation regulations, investigators are expected to release their final report on the crash within 12 months of the disaster, with an interim assessment published just one month after the crash. But for the families of the 241 victims, the 12-month wait for answers has stretched into an agonizing limbo. What happened in the final moments of the flight? Why did the aircraft lose thrust mid-ascent? Was the disaster caused by human error, mechanical failure, or another unforeseen factor? None of these core questions have been resolved. “We live in a modern country,” Imtiyaz asks. “Why must we wait a year for answers?”

    For the Ali family, the tragedy cut short a future the brothers had spent years building. After years living and working in the UK, Javed and Imtiyaz had begun planning to launch a joint business in Dubai, a new chapter that would have let the brothers build their lives closer together. “Right before the best part of life began, he was gone,” Imtiyaz says, staring at his hands.

    For Farida, no final report can ease her loss. “Can any report bring my son back?” she asks quietly. Her grief lives in small, sharp memories: the merry dinner the night before Javed left for Ahmedabad, the long visit from her grandchildren who hugged her so tightly they did not want to leave, the way Javed fussed over her during his final trip, insisting she buy 15 new outfits. When he spent his last night in Mumbai, he slept with his head in her lap, promising he would be back soon. Every evening, as Mumbai’s summer heat softens, she makes the slow, difficult trip to the graveyard, carrying his favorite foods – mutton stew, fried fish, ripe mangoes – packed as if he is still waiting for her to visit. She lowers herself carefully, her heart stents making even small movements painful, and speaks to him: “Look, I am here, my son. I came to see you.” When the airline finally returned Javed’s damaged suitcase months ago, no one in the family has had the strength to open it. It sits tucked away, untouched.

    For months, Imtiyaz threw himself into the search for answers, writing endless emails to officials, hiring legal representation, and obsessing over every detail of the investigation. Relatives even sent him to Dubai to get him away from the stress, but panic attacks followed. “Sometimes I wake up shaking,” he says. “I feel like I’m back there – hearing the news for the first time.” He clung to the belief that the final investigation report would bring him closure, that knowing what happened would let him begin to heal.

    The peace he had been searching for came not from a formal report, but from an old audio message from Javed, shared by his elder sister a few weeks after the funeral. Recorded shortly before the crash, the message describes a strange dream Javed had: two angels came to him, bathed him in the sweet scent of roses, before saying they had come to take him away. When he woke up, Javed said in the recording, he could still smell the fragrance.

    In Islamic tradition, a death accompanied by such premonitions is often interpreted as a sign of an honoured, peaceful passing. After the funeral, relatives told Imtiyaz this, but he could not find comfort in the words at the time. Hearing Javed’s own voice describing the dream changed everything. “This was the answer I needed,” he says. “He is at peace.”

    As the call to prayer drifted through Mumbai’s humid evening air, Imtiyaz reflected on the year that has passed. The official investigation will eventually answer the technical questions of how the crash happened. But for Imtiyaz and his family, the work of learning to live with their loss has already begun, guided not by a government report, but by a 30-second voice note from the brother they lost. “There are some questions,” he says, “that only the dead can answer.”