A Wednesday report from The Financial Times has unveiled new details of a military space cooperation deal that is roiling geopolitics across the Middle East, revealing that Iran acquired a high-resolution Chinese surveillance satellite late in 2024 specifically to aid in targeting US military installations across the region ahead of recent missile and drone strikes.
According to the FT investigation, Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force purchased the TEE-01B spy satellite system for approximately $36.6 million, with the transaction settled entirely in Chinese renminbi. Cross-referenced data including time-stamped geographic coordinates, captured satellite imagery, and independent orbital trajectory analysis confirms that Iranian military commanders leveraged the satellite to continuously monitor key US military facilities in the weeks surrounding the March strikes, both before and after the attacks were carried out.
The surveillance targets documented in the report span five Middle Eastern countries: the Prince Sultan Air Base in Saudi Arabia, Muwaffaq Salti Air Base in Jordan, areas adjacent to the US Fifth Fleet’s naval headquarters in Manama, Bahrain, and Erbil International Airport in Iraq. Official logs obtained by the FT show that Prince Sultan Air Base was placed under sustained surveillance on March 13, 14 and 15, and just days after the final day of monitoring, US President Donald Trump publicly confirmed that American warplanes stationed at the base had sustained damage in an Iranian strike.
Following the strike, separate reporting from Middle East Eye outlined subsequent US moves to reposition its regional military footprint: Washington lobbied Riyadh to grant US forces access to King Fahd Air Base in the western Saudi province of Taif, as US officials privately signaled they were considering a partial drawdown of forces from the Persian Gulf. Saudi Arabia ultimately granted the US request, but the advanced Chinese satellite has extended Iran’s surveillance reach far beyond the new Taif location, allowing it to track activity at the sprawling Camp Lemonnier US base in Djibouti, Camp Buehring and Ali Al Salem Air Base in Kuwait, and Duqm International Airport in Oman.
The FT’s findings upend long-held assumptions about military intelligence asymmetry in the Middle East. For decades, the US has held a decisive military advantage over rival powers rooted in cutting-edge intelligence gathering and space technology, a capability it has openly shared with Ukraine to enable precision strikes against Russian targets. Compared to Iran’s previous most advanced military satellite, the Noor-3, which only captured imagery at a 5-meter resolution, the TEE-01B can deliver half-meter resolution imagery – a capability on par with leading commercially available Western surveillance satellites.
Further scrutiny of the satellite’s supply chain reveals clear links to Chinese military entities. The satellite was manufactured by Earth Eye, a private Chinese firm that publicly highlights its partnerships with leading Chinese universities that have long-standing research collaborations with the People’s Liberation Army. Emposat, the Chinese company that provided the ground control infrastructure and operational software for the system, is formally tied to the PLA Aerospace Force, according to a previous public report released by the US Congress.
This disclosure is not an isolated development; it adds to a growing body of reporting outlining China’s quiet military support for Iran amid escalating tensions with the US and Israel. As early as July 2025, Middle East Eye reported that China had supplied Iran with advanced surface-to-air missile systems to help Tehran rebuild air defenses damaged by US and Israeli strikes during a 12-day regional conflict. Before the joint US-Israeli offensive launched in February, MEE also revealed that Iran had received suicide drones and other small offensive weapons from Chinese suppliers. Just this week, The New York Times added another layer to the picture, reporting that China may have also delivered man-portable air defense systems (Manpads) to Iran during the ongoing conflict.
Beijing has repeatedly denied all allegations that it is providing lethal military assistance to Iran. For his part, Trump has responded to the new reports by threatening to impose a 50% tariff on all Iranian goods. In a Wednesday interview with Fox News, Trump noted that Chinese leader Xi Jinping has denied arming Iran. The US president’s planned March visit to Beijing for a bilateral meeting with Xi was delayed until May amid the regional conflict, and Trump sought to downplay rising bilateral tensions in a post to the social platform X, writing that Xi would give him “a big, fat hug” when he finally arrives in the Chinese capital.