标签： Africa

Egypt and Sudan have expressed approval of former President Donald Trump’s proposal to restart American mediation efforts concerning the contentious Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Nile River. The diplomatic overture comes amid ongoing tensions between the Nile Basin nations over Africa’s largest hydroelectric project.

Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi acknowledged Trump’s engagement with what Cairo considers a matter of national survival, stating his country remains committed to “serious and constructive cooperation with the Nile Basin countries, based on the principles of international law.” Simultaneously, Sudan’s military leader Gen. Abdel-Fattah Burhan characterized Trump’s initiative as a positive step toward achieving sustainable solutions that protect all parties’ rights.

The $5 billion GERD project, inaugurated by Ethiopia last fall, represents a monumental infrastructure development with the capacity to generate over 5,000 megawatts of electricity—effectively doubling Ethiopia’s power generation capabilities. However, downstream nations Egypt and Sudan view the dam’s operation as potentially catastrophic to their water security.

Egypt, whose 110 million population depends overwhelmingly on Nile waters, fears the dam could significantly reduce water flow, threatening agricultural sustainability and other vital sectors. Sudan has emphasized the need for coordinated reservoir management to prevent adverse effects on its own dams.

The core disagreement revolves around establishing binding agreements regarding the dam’s filling procedures, water release protocols during droughts, and dispute resolution mechanisms. Previous U.S.-mediated negotiations initiated during Trump’s presidency stalled in 2020 when Ethiopia withdrew from talks, though discussions continued under African Union auspices without resolution.

Ethiopia maintains that the dam is crucial for national development, noting that most of its population lacks reliable electricity access. As of this reporting, Ethiopian officials had not publicly responded to Trump’s renewed mediation offer.

Uganda’s political landscape remains fraught with tension as authorities and opposition figures offer conflicting narratives regarding the whereabouts and status of presidential challenger Bobi Wine. The National Unity Platform (NUP) party leader’s residence in Kampala has become the epicenter of a deepening crisis, with police asserting controlled access due to security concerns while Wine’s family alleges his abduction by helicopter.

The electoral commission’s latest figures indicate a substantial lead for incumbent President Yoweri Museveni, showing 72% of counted votes against Wine’s 24% with 94% of polling stations reporting. These results emerge against the backdrop of a nationwide internet blackout implemented earlier this week, severely hampering information verification and communication capabilities.

Police spokesman Kituuma Rusoke categorically denied abduction allegations during a Saturday press briefing, characterizing family claims as “untrue” and “unfounded.” He explained that security measures around Wine’s property were necessary to prevent gatherings that could potentially incite violence or destabilize national security.

Contradictory accounts emerged from Wine’s son, Solomon Kampala, who initially reported both parents’ seizure before later asserting his father had “escaped” while his mother remained under house arrest. These developments occurred alongside reports of opposition supporter fatalities in Butambala and documented instances of security forces employing tear gas and warning shots to disperse gatherings.

Technical difficulties plagued Thursday’s electoral process, with voting delays of up to four hours reported at numerous stations due to malfunctioning biometric verification systems and delayed ballot box deliveries. Electoral chief Simon Byabakama maintained that vote counting proceeded unaffected by communication restrictions, with final results expected by Saturday afternoon.

The campaign period preceding this election witnessed significant violence and allegations of suppression against opposition activities. Museveni, seeking an unprecedented seventh term after initially assuming power in 1986, positions himself as Uganda’s sole guarantor of stability. Meanwhile, Wine—a former pop star representing the country’s substantial youth demographic—has campaigned on anti-corruption platforms and sweeping reform promises.

Uganda’s Communications Commission justified internet suspension as necessary to prevent misinformation, fraud, and violence incitement, though the United Nations human rights office condemned this measure as “deeply worrying.”

Ugandan authorities have officially refuted claims regarding the detention of prominent opposition figure Bobi Wine during the highly charged electoral period. Police spokesperson Kituuma Rusoke characterized reports of the arrest as “deceitful and inciteful” while confirming that security measures had been implemented around the opposition leader’s residence to prevent potential violence incitement.

The general elections conducted on Thursday occurred under extraordinary circumstances, featuring a nationwide internet blackout extending into its fourth day and substantial military deployment across the country. Isolated incidents of violence emerged as citizens protested parliamentary election outcomes in various regions.

Incumbent President Yoweri Museveni, aged 81 and pursuing an unprecedented seventh term, maintains a commanding lead in provisional results with over 70% of counted votes. His primary challenger, musician-turned-politician Kyagulanyi Ssentamu (popularly known as Bobi Wine), has secured approximately 20% of the vote according to initial tallies. Wine has vehemently dismissed these results as “fabricated” and urged his supporters to disregard the announced figures.

Electoral officials are constitutionally mandated to announce final presidential results by Saturday’s conclusion. The electoral commission chairperson confirmed plans to meet this deadline despite operational challenges that plagued the voting process, including delayed delivery of materials to polling stations and technical failures of biometric verification systems.

President Museveni endorsed the commission’s decision to utilize paper-based voter registration records as an alternative to malfunctioning digital systems. However, Wine’s campaign has alleged systematic electoral manipulation, citing instances of “massive ballot stuffing” and the abduction of party polling agents to create unfair advantages for the ruling party.

The election period has been marked by intense security presence, with opposition figures reporting constant surveillance and harassment of supporters. Wine notably campaigned wearing protective gear including a flak jacket and helmet due to security concerns. Uganda continues to await the final election announcement while maintaining its historical pattern of never experiencing peaceful presidential power transition since gaining independence six decades ago.

Colonel Mamadi Doumbouya, who seized power in Guinea through a military coup in September 2021, is poised to be sworn in as the nation’s elected president on Saturday following a controversial electoral process. The 41-year-old former special forces commander, who initially promised not to seek elected office, secured 87% of the vote in December’s election against a severely constrained opposition field.

Doumbouya’s political transformation has been accompanied by a deliberate image makeover. The once-imposing military figure, known for his mirrored sunglasses and red beret, has increasingly adopted civilian attire—baseball caps, tracksuits, and traditional Guinean boubous—while engaging in public activities such as school openings and cycling through Conakry’s streets. This carefully curated presentation aims to project him as a civilian leader working on behalf of the people, according to security analyst Beverly Ochieng of Control Risks.

Despite his popular support evidenced by Afrobarometer polls showing trust in the president growing from 46% to 53% between 2022-2024, Doumbouya faces significant criticism over his democratic credentials. Exiled former Prime Minister Cellou Dalein Diallo has dismissed the election as a charade with fabricated results. Researchers point to banned political demonstrations, excluded opposition candidates, suspended parties, and mysterious disappearances of activists and journalists as evidence of democratic backsliding.

Doumbouya’s governing philosophy emphasizes national sovereignty and resource nationalism. His government has canceled dozens of mining contracts deemed insufficiently beneficial to Guinea and is pursuing greater local processing of mineral resources. The development of Simandou’s massive iron-ore deposits, partially owned by Chinese and Western companies, represents a potential economic transformation that could define his presidency.

Internationally, Doumbouya has maintained a pragmatic approach, avoiding the outright rejection of France seen in other West African coup states despite his French education and marriage to a French citizen. His administration promises to invest mining revenues in infrastructure, health, and education as Guinea seeks to leverage its natural resources despite persistent poverty.

Early electoral results from Uganda’s presidential race indicate a substantial advantage for long-serving incumbent Yoweri Museveni. The 76-year-old leader, who has held power since 1986, is significantly outpacing his primary opponent, Robert Kyagulanyi, the musician and legislator popularly known as Bobi Wine.

The electoral commission’s preliminary tallies show Museveni maintaining a dominant position as vote counting progresses across the nation. This development follows an intensely contested campaign period marked by widespread allegations of government suppression, internet restrictions, and violent clashes between security forces and opposition supporters.

International observers and human rights organizations have raised serious concerns about the electoral process’s fairness, citing the arrest of opposition figures, restrictions on independent media coverage, and the government’s shutdown of internet services during the critical voting period. Despite these challenges, electoral officials maintain that the process has been conducted according to established procedures.

The outcome of this election carries significant implications for Uganda’s political trajectory and its relations with international partners. Museveni’s potential extended tenure would represent a continuation of policies that have characterized his leadership, while a surprise outcome favoring Kyagulanyi would signal a dramatic political shift for the East African nation.