A devastating incident in north-western Nigeria has left 37 suspected illegal miners dead while in government detention, triggering official investigations, public mourning and sharp disputes over the cause of death, local authorities have confirmed.
The group of young men was taken into custody on Tuesday by security forces on suspicion of engaging in unlicensed mining activities near Borgu, a community in Niger state – a mineral-rich region that has long been a hub for small-scale informal gold extraction. Two days after their arrest, all 37 detainees were found dead inside a detention facility operated by the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC).
In an initial statement, the NSCDC attributed the mass death to an apparent outbreak of infectious disease, specifically naming diphtheria – a severe bacterial infection that can turn fatal without prompt medical intervention. However, an intelligence document shared with the AFP news agency has presented an alternative narrative, claiming the deaths stemmed from extreme overcrowding and inadequate ventilation in the holding cell where the suspects were held. Relatives of the deceased have gone further, rejecting the official disease explanation entirely and alleging the suspects were deliberately killed while in custody.
In a press conference held Thursday, Niger state governor Mohammed Umaru Bago described the incident as “sad and tragic”, announcing that a senior NSCDC commander has already been taken into custody in connection with the deaths. Bago has also declared a three-day period of official mourning across the state, and postponed the launch of election campaigning previously scheduled to begin ahead of January’s polls.
Nigerian police have launched an independent probe into the incident. “The Niger State Police Command has commenced an immediate investigation into the unfortunate death of suspected illegal miners while in the detention facility of the NSCDC”, police spokesman Wasiu Abiodun confirmed in an official statement. The bodies of all 37 victims have been transferred to the general hospital in Minna, the capital of Niger state, to undergo post-mortem examinations to determine the exact cause of death.
The incident shines a renewed spotlight on long-running issues surrounding informal gold mining in central Nigeria. According to government officials and independent analysts, unregulated competition for the region’s gold reserves has been a key driver of widespread criminal gang violence across the state. A 2024 investigation by SwissAid also found that a large share of the gold extracted from illegal mines in the region enters global supply chains through illicit trafficking networks.









