A wave of mass demonstrations has spread across Spain this weekend, as thousands of frustrated citizens take to the streets demanding sweeping tenant protections, just days after Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez’s minority leftist coalition government saw its emergency housing legislation defeated in Congress.
The current housing crisis, which has sent rents skyrocketing and pushed thousands of vulnerable households into risk of eviction, reached a breaking point last month with the forced eviction of 87-year-old Maricarmen Abascal from her Madrid home after she could not cover a sharp rent hike. That incident ignited immediate public outrage and nationwide protests, pushing Sánchez’s government — a partnership between his Socialist Party and the left-wing Sumar alliance — to rush two emergency decree bills to parliament in a bid to address widespread anger.
The proposed legislation carried a series of key reforms to ease pressure on renters: the first bill would have suspended evictions for vulnerable tenants through 2030, extended expiring rental leases for two years until 2028, raised taxes on tourist-focused short-term apartment rentals, and restricted residential property purchases by the government-labeled “vulture funds” that have bought up large swathes of Spanish housing stock. The second bill enshrined automatic renewal of rental contracts, a top longstanding demand from tenant advocacy groups and left-wing political actors.
Despite the government’s last-minute push, both bills failed to secure enough support to pass. The first was defeated by a vote of 178 against to 172 in favor, while the second was rejected 184 to 166. The conservative opposition People’s Party (PP) and far-right Vox had already pledged to block both measures from the start. Already lacking a parliamentary majority, Sánchez’s coalition relied on backing from small nationalist parties from Catalonia and the Basque Country to pass the bills — but the centre-right pro-independence Together for Catalonia (JxCat) announced its opposition just ahead of the vote, condemning the legislation to defeat.
In response to the parliamentary defeat, tenant unions across the country organized roughly 50 coordinated marches for Saturday in major population centers including Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia, one of the first cities to see large-scale mobilizations earlier this month. Clashes erupted in the eastern coastal city of Valencia near the Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía, which was hosting an industry real estate summit. Spanish media reports confirm that dozens of protesters pushed past security barriers and threw projectiles at police officers, who responded by firing rubber bullets to disperse the crowd. A spokesperson for the Valencia Tenants’ Union described widespread public anger boiling over into the streets, confirming the demonstration had kicked off earlier Saturday morning.
The largest demonstration is projected to take place in the capital Madrid, where pro-housing reform activists have maintained a continuous encampment at the iconic central Puerta del Sol square for multiple days leading up to Saturday’s mobilization. “We’re not here for pleasure or comfort. We’re here out of conviction,” protester David told Spanish public broadcaster RTVE ahead of the march. Madrid’s Tenants’ Union released a statement Friday night arguing that while the government’s proposed reforms fell far short of what was needed, the outright rejection of the legislation has dramatically worsened a housing crisis that is already devastating working-class communities across the country. The union has now called for a general strike to demand urgent action on the country’s deepening housing shortage.
While the property management company that owns Abascal’s apartment later negotiated her return to the home at a reduced rent following the public backlash, protests have continued to gain momentum as broader systemic issues drive unrest. Official data underscores the severity of the crisis: the Bank of Spain estimates a national shortage of 700,000 affordable homes, driven by a persistent gap between growing housing demand and stagnant new construction. National statistics institute INE reports that overall house prices rose 12.2% over the past year as of the second quarter of 2026, while real estate firm Idealista data shows average national rents climbed 8.5% in 2025 alone. Madrid saw average rents jump 9.7% last year, making it one of the country’s most expensive rental markets alongside Barcelona, where average rent hits €23.80 per square meter compared to Madrid’s €22.70 per square meter.
The parliamentary defeat of the housing bills has also intensified political speculation, with analysts now suggesting Sánchez could be forced to call an early general election. The next scheduled national vote is not set to take place until summer 2027, but the minority government’s repeated struggles to pass legislation amid shifting parliamentary alliances have raised questions about its ability to govern through to the end of its term.