分类： science

In a groundbreaking astronomical discovery, China’s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) has provided compelling evidence illuminating the origin of mysterious cosmic phenomena known as fast radio bursts. An international research team has determined that at least some of these powerful energy emissions stem from compact binary star systems, resolving a long-standing cosmic enigma that has puzzled astronomers since 2007.

The research, published in the prestigious journal Science, documents unprecedented observations of repeating fast radio burst FRB 20220529 over a 26-month monitoring period from June 2022 through August 2024. This marks the first time scientists have captured the complete evolutionary process of such a burst, offering critical insights into their generation mechanisms.

Fast radio bursts represent among the most energetic transient events in the universe—millisecond-duration flashes that release energy equivalent to our sun’s output over an entire week. Despite detecting thousands of these events, astronomers have struggled to pinpoint their precise origins, with theories predominantly suggesting extreme stellar remnants like neutron stars as potential sources.

Led by astronomers from the Chinese Academy of Science’s Purple Mountain Observatory, the research team utilized FAST’s unparalleled sensitivity to detect clear magnetic environment fluctuations described as ‘surge and recovery’ patterns—a phenomenon never before observed in such detail.

Duncan Lorimer, the West Virginia University astrophysicist who first discovered fast radio bursts, praised the findings as “an amazing result” that demonstrates “the power of FAST in China to make these monitoring observations.” He emphasized how coupling FAST’s capabilities with survey instruments like the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment continues to transform understanding of these cosmic phenomena.

Since becoming fully operational in 2020, FAST has established itself as a premier facility for pulsar studies, galactic structure mapping, and gravitational wave research. China now plans a significant upgrade to the facility, adding dozens of medium-aperture antennas around the main dish to create the world’s only mixed synthetic aperture array centered on a giant single-dish radio telescope. This enhancement would dramatically improve precision in locating fast radio burst sources.

Senior engineer Sun Jinghai of the National Astronomical Observatories noted that continued observations may ultimately solve one of astronomy’s most persistent puzzles: what exactly produces these cosmic flashes and why certain variants repeat their brilliant performances across the cosmic stage.

Professor Peng Donghai from Huazhong Agricultural University has received prestigious recognition for his groundbreaking work in transforming laboratory discoveries into practical agricultural solutions. With over two decades dedicated to agricultural microorganism research, Professor Peng’s innovative approach to biological pest control has revolutionized traditional farming practices.

The scientific breakthrough emerged when Professor Peng abandoned conventional screening methods that focused exclusively on the most potent pest-killing microbes. Instead, his research team pioneered an unconventional strategy examining previously overlooked, weaker microbial strains. This methodological shift led to the successful cloning of cry7Ba1, a revolutionary pest-fighting protein that became the first Chinese insecticidal protein to secure a US patent.

To support this research, Professor Peng initiated an unprecedented nationwide sampling project in 2011. The ambitious endeavor mobilized tens of thousands of teachers and students across China, resulting in the collection of over 21,000 soil samples from more than 2,680 towns. This massive effort yielded the preservation of approximately 53,000 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains, creating one of the world’s most comprehensive microbial databases.

The research team developed a specialized platform that enabled faster and more cost-effective identification of beneficial genes, assembling one of the planet’s largest collections of natural insecticide genes. Their most significant recent achievement involves combating plant-parasitic nematodes – microscopic worms that attack plant roots. The team has identified 102 effective Bt strains against these destructive pests and discovered several novel pest-fighting proteins, with findings published in leading scientific journals including Science Advances and Nature Communications.

Beyond academic circles, Professor Peng’s team has successfully commercialized their research through collaboration with Wuhan Kernel Bio-tech. In 2021, they launched a commercial nematode-fighting agent demonstrating remarkable efficacy rates between 81.6% and 91.1% against root-destroying pests. This biological solution has already been applied to nearly 4 million mu (approximately 267,000 hectares) of farmland across China.

The research has earned Hubei province’s 2024 Technical Invention Award (first prize) and generated nearly 100 million yuan ($14.4 million) in technology transfer income. The work has sparked increased interest from domestic pesticide companies seeking biological alternatives to chemical treatments. Looking forward, Professor Peng plans to expand international collaborations, aiming to apply microbial and genetic research to global food security and ecological protection challenges.

The three astronauts of China’s landmark Shenzhou XX mission made their first official public appearance on January 16, 2026, following their successful return from space. The press conference, held at the Beijing Aerospace City, featured crew members Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie, who addressed media representatives and shared insights from their historic mission.

The event marked a significant milestone in China’s ambitious space program, showcasing the nation’s growing capabilities in human spaceflight. The astronauts, appearing in good health and high spirits, detailed their experiences aboard the spacecraft and their contributions to China’s expanding space research initiatives.

Photographic documentation of the event, captured by Wang Jing of China Daily, depicted the crew assembled before journalists in a ceremonious setting that underscored the achievement’s national importance. The press conference served as both a debriefing of the completed mission and a demonstration of China’s commitment to transparency in its space exploration endeavors.

This public appearance followed extensive post-mission medical evaluations and recovery procedures standard for returning astronauts. The successful completion of the Shenzhou XX mission represents another strategic advancement in China’s methodical approach to establishing a permanent presence in space, with future lunar and orbital station objectives clearly in view.

In a groundbreaking astronomical discovery, China’s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) has captured unprecedented evidence revealing the evolutionary process of mysterious deep-space radio emissions known as fast radio bursts (FRBs). An international research team led by the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has documented the strongest evidence to date that these cosmic phenomena originate from compact binary star systems.

The research, published in the journal Science, centers on observations of FRB 20220529—a repeating burst located approximately 2.9 billion light-years from Earth. Through meticulous monitoring from June 2022 to August 2024, scientists witnessed a dramatic magnetic environment transformation that provides crucial insights into the burst’s origin.

Key to the discovery was the detection of a sudden surge in Faraday rotation—a measure of how radio waves twist as they pass through magnetized plasma. In December 2023, researchers observed the signal’s twisting effect spike approximately 20-fold before gradually returning to baseline levels over two weeks. This ‘surge and recovery’ pattern indicates the passage of a dense, magnetized plasma cloud between the burst source and Earth.

Study corresponding author Wu Xuefeng compared the phenomenon to a solar coronal mass ejection, suggesting the most plausible explanation involves a binary system where a neutron star or magnetar orbits a companion star. Violent activity from the companion star or orbital geometry could eject plasma clouds that temporarily alter radio signals detected on Earth.

The findings challenge previous theories suggesting FRBs originate from isolated neutron stars. Duncan Lorimer, the West Virginia University astrophysicist who first discovered FRBs in 2007, praised the discovery as ‘an amazing result’ that demonstrates FAST’s extraordinary capabilities.

FAST’s exceptional sensitivity enabled detailed tracking of FRB 20220529, whose signals are typically too faint for other telescopes to detect. The facility has become instrumental in pulsar studies, gravitational wave research, and cosmic mapping since commencing full operations in 2020.

Looking forward, China plans a major upgrade to FAST that will add dozens of medium-aperture antennas around the main dish, creating the world’s only mixed synthetic aperture array centered on a giant single-dish telescope. This enhancement will allow scientists to pinpoint FRB sources with unprecedented precision, potentially solving one of astronomy’s most enduring mysteries.

An international research consortium spearheaded by Chinese astronomers has achieved a groundbreaking discovery in astrophysics, utilizing China’s monumental Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) to decipher the origins of cosmic fast radio bursts (FRBs). The team from the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has gathered compelling evidence indicating these mysterious celestial phenomena originate from binary star systems, according to research published in the prestigious journal Science.

Located in Guizhou Province’s rugged karst landscape, FAST—the world’s largest single-dish radio telescope—has provided unprecedented observational data enabling scientists to analyze FRB patterns with remarkable precision. These millisecond-duration cosmic flashes, which have baffled astronomers since their discovery in 2007, release more energy than our sun emits in three days.

The research demonstrates that at least a subset of FRBs emanate from interacting binary systems where a neutron star orbits another celestial body. This configuration creates the extreme conditions necessary to generate these powerful electromagnetic emissions that travel billions of light-years across the universe.

This discovery marks a significant advancement in high-energy astrophysics and showcases China’s growing capabilities in cutting-edge space research. The findings provide crucial insights into the extreme environments that produce FRBs, potentially revolutionizing our understanding of stellar evolution and cosmic phenomena. The international collaboration, leveraging FAST’s superior sensitivity, opens new pathways for decoding one of astronomy’s most persistent mysteries.

In a historic breakthrough bridging decades of theoretical physics, Chinese researchers have achieved the first experimental confirmation of the Migdal effect—a discovery with transformative implications for detecting dark matter, the invisible substance constituting approximately 85% of the universe’s mass.

The landmark findings, published in Nature, validate a 1939 prediction by Soviet physicist Arkady Migdal, who theorized that a nuclear recoil event—such as a collision with a dark matter particle—could produce a rapid shift in the atom’s electric field, ejecting an orbiting electron. For nearly 90 years, this phenomenon remained experimentally unverified due to its minuscule scale and susceptibility to background interference from cosmic radiation.

To overcome these challenges, a multidisciplinary team led by the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences engineered a specialized high-precision gas detector integrated with custom microchip technology—essentially an “atomic camera” capable of tracking individual atomic trajectories and electron emissions.

After bombarding gas molecules with neutrons and analyzing over 800,000 candidate events, researchers identified six unambiguous signals exhibiting the Migdal effect’s distinctive signature: dual particle tracks emanating from identical points—one from the recoiling nucleus and another from the ejected electron. The results achieved five-sigma statistical confidence, particle physics’ gold standard for discovery.

Professor Yu Haibo of UC Riverside noted: “Direct observation of the Migdal effect has been a longstanding experimental challenge. Multiple international teams attempted detection without success. This breakthrough is genuinely exciting.”

The discovery arrives as physicists pivot from searching for heavy dark matter particles (WIMPs) toward lighter alternatives. Traditional detectors struggle to register faint nuclear recoils from lightweight particles, but the Migdal effect effectively converts these imperceptible events into measurable electronic signals.

“By capturing the ejected electron’s full energy, our detector theoretically achieves 100% efficiency,” explained co-leader Professor Zheng Yangheng. “This work solidifies the Migdal effect’s theoretical foundation and provides crucial experimental validation.”

Looking ahead, the team plans to optimize detector performance and study the effect across different materials. Professor Liu Qian revealed: “Extending observations to other elements will provide essential data for detecting even lighter dark matter particles.” Professor Liu Jianglai, lead scientist of China’s PandaX experiment, emphasized this represents “a crucial first step” toward practical dark matter detection applications.

After 35 years of relentless dedication, Zhou Liang, director of the Yibin Institute of Rare Aquatic Animals, is witnessing transformative progress in restoring the wild population of the critically endangered Yangtze sturgeon. The 53-year-old conservationist has pursued this mission as both a professional commitment and a personal legacy, continuing the work initiated by his late father, Zhou Shiwu.

The Yibin Institute, recognized as China’s first private research organization focused on preserving rare aquatic species in the Yangtze River, represents a remarkable family endeavor. Rather than pursuing urban career opportunities after university, Zhou Liang returned to his hometown in Sichuan Province to establish this pioneering conservation facility during a period of severe ecological crisis.

By the turn of millennium, the Yangtze sturgeon faced existential threats from multiple fronts: intensive overfishing, extensive dredging operations, and widespread dam construction had decimated natural breeding populations. Scientific surveys confirmed the alarming absence of naturally spawned juvenile sturgeons throughout the entire river system by approximately 2000.

The conservation breakthrough emerged in 2004 when Zhou’s team mastered large-scale artificial breeding techniques. This scientific achievement resulted in the successful hatching of tens of thousands of Yangtze sturgeon fry at the institute’s breeding facilities, marking a critical milestone in species preservation.

Current observations indicate promising signs of population recovery, suggesting that decades of coordinated efforts between research institutions, government agencies, and local communities are finally yielding measurable ecological restoration. Zhou’s work demonstrates how sustained scientific commitment can reverse even the most severe biodiversity declines, offering valuable insights for global conservation initiatives.

China’s cutting-edge Antarctic survey telescope AST3-2 has successfully concluded its 2025 winter observation mission at Dome A, the highest point of the Antarctic plateau. The Chinese Academy of Sciences announced this significant achievement on Tuesday, marking another milestone in polar astronomical research.

The AST3-2 telescope, currently the largest-aperture optical instrument operating in Antarctica’s interior, has now completed three consecutive years of winter operations despite extreme environmental challenges. Remarkably, the telescope has been continuously operational at Dome A for an impressive 12-year period, demonstrating exceptional engineering resilience.

According to the Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology, which developed the advanced instrument, the telescope resumed normal operations following brief maintenance in early 2024, despite three consecutive years without on-site technical personnel reaching the remote inland station.

The 2025 observation season yielded substantial scientific returns, with the telescope remotely acquiring 3.5 terabytes of valuable astronomical data during approximately 1,000 hours of effective observation time. The comprehensive dataset encompasses multiple research domains, including applied studies on high-inclination asteroids and space objects, alongside critical scientific information regarding exoplanet research and photometric observations of supermassive black holes.

The AST3-2 represents China’s second-generation Antarctic telescope technology, incorporating innovative optical systems specifically designed for polar conditions. The instrument features groundbreaking anti-snow sealing technology and specialized low-temperature anti-frost systems developed to withstand Antarctica’s harsh environment, where temperatures can plummet to -80°C during the winter months.

The successful conclusion of the observation season was formally marked on August 25, 2025, when the solar battery system achieved its initial recharge following the Antarctic polar night, signaling the return of sunlight to the research station.