A recent peer collaborative study has uncovered far-reaching environmental contamination stemming from ongoing Israeli military operations in Gaza, with dangerous “forever chemicals” spreading across agricultural lands and water sources in southern Israel, miles away from the conflict zone. The research was carried out by a cross-institutional team of specialists from four leading Israeli bodies: Hebrew University, the country’s Ministry of Health, the Volcani Institute, and the Southern Arava Agricultural Research Organisation.
The investigation identified per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of persistent synthetic industrial compounds, in potato samples harvested from dozens of cultivated fields located along Israel’s border with Gaza. Beyond agricultural produce, detectable levels of PFAS pollution were also recorded in soil and groundwater wells as far as 19 kilometers from the Gaza boundary. Research teams concluded that the chemical contaminants were most likely dispersed by wind currents after being released from military explosives detonated during Israel’s two-year military campaign in Gaza, laying bare the cross-border environmental fallout of the ongoing conflict.
Widely nicknamed “forever chemicals” for their ability to resist breakdown in both natural ecosystems and the human body, PFAS pose well-documented severe long-term health risks. Multiple public health studies have linked prolonged exposure to certain PFAS compounds to irreversible damage to reproductive and immune system function, abnormal developmental outcomes for fetuses, and a significantly elevated risk of several aggressive forms of cancer. Prior to this new finding, national data already showed that PFAS contamination is a widespread issue across Israel: roughly 15% of the country’s drinking water wells and 70% of its agricultural water sources carry PFAS residues, forcing authorities to shut down a number of major public water wells in recent years.
Beyond toxic chemical contamination, the conflict has also generated unprecedented carbon emissions that exacerbate the global climate crisis. Analysis published by the Social Science Research Network estimates that greenhouse gas emissions from the first 15 months of Israel’s military campaign in Gaza alone exceed the total annual emissions of more than 100 sovereign nations. When accounting for the full climate cost of the conflict – including emissions from the destruction of infrastructure, debris removal, and eventual post-conflict reconstruction – the total carbon footprint is projected to surpass 31 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. That figure is higher than the entire 2023 annual emissions of countries including Costa Rica, Afghanistan, and Zimbabwe.
Cumulatively, researchers calculate that the total climate impact of Israel’s recent military operations in Gaza, Lebanon, and earlier confrontations in Yemen and Iran equals the annual emissions output of 84 full-scale gas-fired power plants. This pattern of environmental harm tied to Israeli occupation and military action stretches back decades. Following the 1948 Nakba, when Zionist forces ethnically cleansed hundreds of Palestinian communities and destroyed hundreds of villages, the Jewish National Fund (JNF) planted extensive monoculture pine forests across the ruins of these displaced communities. A 2013 investigation by the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel confirmed that these JNF projects caused catastrophic, long-lasting damage to native biodiversity in the region. In 2021, Palestinian agricultural officials told Middle East Eye that decades of environmental disruption have led to a sharp, steady decline in Palestinian agricultural output over the past ten years. Gaza’s already fragile environment and public health infrastructure have been disproportionately impacted by decades of Israeli occupation, military action, and climate change.
This reporting was produced by Middle East Eye, an independent outlet providing specialized, in-depth coverage of the Middle East and North Africa region.