ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia — In a landmark parliamentary address on Tuesday, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed formally acknowledged for the first time that Eritrean military forces participated extensively in the Tigray conflict, leveling serious allegations of mass killings and systematic destruction against them. This declaration marks a dramatic reversal from the government’s previous stance and significantly escalates diplomatic tensions between the neighboring nations.
The two-year Tigray war, which concluded with a peace agreement in 2022, resulted in an estimated 400,000 fatalities according to international observers. Prime Minister Ahmed detailed specific atrocities, asserting that Eritrean troops “demolished houses in Shire, massacred our youth in Axum, and looted factories in Adwa” during joint operations with Ethiopian forces against Tigrayan regional fighters.
Eritrea’s Information Minister Yemane Gebremeskel swiftly dismissed these allegations as “cheap and despicable lies” unworthy of formal response. This exchange occurs amidst reports of renewed hostilities in the Tigray region, prompting Ethiopia’s national carrier to suspend flights to the area last week due to security concerns.
The underlying conflict extends beyond wartime allegations to fundamental geopolitical interests. Landlocked Ethiopia has increasingly expressed its need for sovereign access to sea ports, with Prime Minister Ahmed asserting that “The Red Sea and Ethiopia cannot remain separated forever.” Ethiopia lost its Red Sea coastline when Eritrea gained independence in 1993 following decades of armed struggle.
Gebremeskel countered that Ahmed’s accusations represent a recent rhetorical shift motivated by maritime ambitions, noting that Ethiopian leadership had previously decorated Eritrean military officials with state medals. The minister characterized Ethiopia’s position as developing a “delusional malaise of ‘sovereignty access to the sea.’”
The deteriorating relationship represents a stark reversal from the diplomatic breakthrough achieved in 2018, when Abiy received the Nobel Peace Prize for reconciling with Eritrea. Current intelligence assessments suggest Eritrea may be forming alliances with Tigrayan forces, while both nations accuse each other of preparing for renewed conflict. Regional analysts warn that these developments threaten to destabilize the entire Horn of Africa.