Ethiopian authorities have made explosive allegations that Eritrea supplied thousands of ammunition rounds to armed rebels, dramatically escalating tensions between the Horn of Africa neighbors. Police in Ethiopia’s Amhara region announced Wednesday they intercepted over 56,000 rounds of ammunition allegedly intended for the Fano rebel group, arresting two suspects in the operation.
According to an official Facebook statement, preliminary investigations indicated the ammunition originated from what Ethiopian officials term the ‘Shabiya government’ – a reference to Eritrea’s ruling party. The discovery has ignited fears of renewed armed conflict between the historically adversarial nations.
Eritrea immediately issued a forceful denial through Information Minister Yemane Gebremeskel, who characterized the allegations as ‘false flag’ operations intended to justify military action that Ethiopia ‘has been itching to unleash.’ The minister accused Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s Prosperity Party of manufacturing pretexts for aggression.
The allegations emerge amid deteriorating relations between the neighboring countries, which share a complex history of conflict and temporary reconciliation. Eritrea gained independence from Ethiopia in 1993 after decades of struggle, rendering Ethiopia landlocked despite their 2018 peace agreement that normalized relations.
Recent months have seen mounting tensions over Ethiopia’s persistent demands for guaranteed access to the Red Sea through Eritrean territory. Prime Minister Abiy has characterized sea access as an existential national priority, while Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki recently accused Ethiopia of effectively declaring war through its maritime claims.
The current crisis represents a sharp reversal from the cooperation seen during Ethiopia’s 2020-22 civil war, when Eritrean troops supported the Ethiopian government against Tigrayan forces. Relations soured significantly when Eritrea was excluded from the 2022 peace agreement that ended that conflict.
Ethiopia now faces a violent insurgency from Fano rebels who control substantial territory in northern Amhara region, while simultaneously navigating increasingly hostile relations with its northern neighbor. Both leaders have publicly stated they prefer dialogue over conflict, but the ammunition allegations have brought bilateral tensions to their highest point in years.