Six years after the World Health Organization officially ended the Covid-19 public health emergency of international concern, a leading global pandemic preparedness expert has issued a stark warning that the world still has not closed critical gaps in early risk detection and pre-outbreak preparedness, as highlighted by two recent high-profile pathogen events.
Helen Clark, former New Zealand Prime Minister and co-chair of the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, shared her assessment in an exclusive interview with AFP in Geneva on Tuesday. She acknowledged that incremental progress has been made since the devastating Covid-19 pandemic in overhauling global public health response systems. New updated International Health Regulations, the binding global framework for cross-border disease surveillance and response, are already delivering improvements when active outbreaks are declared, she noted.
Clark pointed to two recent cases that demonstrate this partial progress: the Ebola outbreak declared last Friday in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and the rare hantavirus outbreak that emerged several weeks ago on the Atlantic cruise ship MV Hondius. In both instances, once official alerts were issued, the coordinated international response unfolded smoothly, she said.
But the core problem, Clark emphasized, lies far upstream of declared outbreaks. Critical gaps remain in the foundational systems of pathogen surveillance and early detection that are designed to stop small outbreaks from becoming large public health crises. “Those basic issues of surveillance, early detection… We’re not there yet,” she stated. Clark argued that the global public health community needs to dramatically expand investment in risk-informed preparedness, with a greater focus on proactively identifying emerging threats before they spiral out of control.
She detailed how the recent hantavirus outbreak on the cruise ship, which killed three people and triggered global concern, exposed these gaps. The specific hantavirus strain involved is known to be endemic in the region of Argentina where the cruise ship departed, but Clark questioned whether shipping operators and global health authorities had sufficient advance awareness of this local risk to put preventive measures in place.
The ongoing Ebola outbreak in the DRC’s remote eastern province reveals even more troubling gaps. The outbreak is caused by the dangerous Bundibugyo Ebola strain, which has already claimed more than 130 lives. Clark revealed that the outbreak spread undetected for four to six weeks, because initial testing targeted a more common Ebola strain and returned false negative results. “How could this have gone for four to six weeks, spreading while not getting the testing results that we needed to show that it was a particular variant?” Clark asked. She called for a full independent investigation into the chain of events to identify critical lessons for strengthening local and global response capacity.
Beyond surveillance gaps, Clark highlighted that sweeping cuts to global health aid have created a “perfect storm” that undermines outbreak prevention in the world’s most vulnerable nations. After major international donors drastically reduced funding, low-income fragile states are suddenly expected to cover the full cost of strengthening their domestic health systems, a burden they simply cannot afford, she explained. “With the best will in the world, the poorest and most fragile countries just haven’t got money sitting in the bank to do that, so things will get neglected across a range of areas,” Clark said.
In closing, Clark reaffirmed that global solidarity remains an irreplaceable pillar of effective pandemic preparedness. Pathogens do not respect national borders, she noted: a confirmed Ebola case in a U.S. citizen linked to the DRC outbreak and cross-border spread of hantavirus from the cruise ship prove that all nations share a common interest in strong prevention systems everywhere. “We’re in this together, and so we have to look to ways of financing preparedness or response which reflect our shared interests,” Clark stressed.