In a significant development aimed at ending decades of conflict in eastern Congo, the Congolese government and the Rwanda-backed rebel group M23 signed a framework agreement for a peace deal on Saturday. The agreement, mediated by Qatar and signed in Doha, outlines protocols and a timeline for future negotiations but does not yet constitute a final peace accord. Benjamin Mbonimpa, head of the M23 delegation, emphasized that the framework includes eight protocols addressing the root causes of the conflict, though specific details remain undisclosed. Mbonimpa stated that no changes or activities would occur on the ground until each protocol is thoroughly debated and a final agreement is reached. A key objective of the framework is the joint management of rebel-held areas by the Congolese government and M23, according to Lawrence Kanyuka, a spokesperson for the rebels. M23, supported by Rwanda, is the most prominent among over 100 armed groups vying for control in Congo’s mineral-rich east, which has displaced 7 million people and been labeled by the U.N. as one of the world’s most complex humanitarian crises. Earlier this year, the conflict escalated when M23 seized Goma and Bukavu, two strategic cities in eastern Congo. Qatar has hosted multiple rounds of talks since April to establish preconditions for peace and confidence-building measures, though both sides continue to accuse each other of prolonging the conflict. In July, Congo and M23 signed a declaration of principles in Qatar, committing to a comprehensive peace agreement that would restore state authority in rebel-controlled areas and facilitate prisoner exchanges. Despite agreeing to finalize a deal by August 18, the deadline was missed due to mutual accusations of violating peace terms. In October, the two sides agreed to establish an oversight body for a potential permanent ceasefire. Massad Boulos, a senior adviser to former U.S. President Donald Trump, attended the signing ceremony in Doha and described the framework as a “starting point” and a “historic” opportunity. The Trump administration has played a key role in mediating between Rwanda and Congo, leading to a peace deal between the two nations in June.
Congo and Rwanda-backed M23 rebels sign framework for peace deal, but tensions remain
