分类： science

China has achieved a significant breakthrough in space exploration infrastructure with its experimental satellite constellation successfully operating for two consecutive years in a specialized lunar orbit. The Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization (CSU) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced this milestone during the 2026 Zhongguancun Forum’s sub-forum on Earth-Moon space development.

The three-satellite constellation, positioned in the Distant Retrograde Orbit (DRO) within Earth-moon space, represents a pioneering achievement in orbital mechanics and space infrastructure. This orbital region, extending approximately 2 million kilometers from Earth, provides a highly stable environment for spacecraft operations. The constellation consists of DRO-A and DRO-B satellites developed by CAS, which have established successful inter-satellite measurement and communication links with the previously launched DRO-L satellite in near-Earth orbit.

This project marks the world’s first successful low-energy insertion into the DRO and has demonstrated stable spacecraft residency and efficient maneuvering capabilities within this unique orbital environment. Notably, the mission accomplished the unprecedented feat of touring all Lagrange points in the Earth-moon system during a single flight, showcasing advanced navigation and propulsion technologies.

The technological verification provided by this constellation establishes critical infrastructure for future lunar exploration missions. According to space experts participating in the forum, these advancements will play a vital role in supporting China’s ambitious space program and its goal of becoming a leading space power.

The forum brought together more than 200 representatives from over 20 institutions, focusing on key developmental aspects including Earth-moon space infrastructure, cost-effective access to lunar space, and sustainable resource utilization strategies. Ding Chibiao, Vice-President of CAS, emphasized that the Earth-moon space serves as a strategic hub connecting Earth to deep space and represents a new frontier for scientific and industrial transformation.

Concurrent with these developments, Beijing is positioning itself as a commercial aerospace innovation hub, hosting more than half of China’s core space research institutions. The successful operation of this satellite constellation demonstrates China’s growing capabilities in space technology and its commitment to advancing lunar exploration through international cooperation and technological innovation.

In a groundbreaking move for global scientific collaboration, China has announced it will grant international researchers access to ten of its most advanced scientific facilities throughout 2026. The announcement was made during the opening ceremony of the Zhongguancun Forum Annual Conference in Beijing, marking a significant step in international scientific cooperation.

The facilities opening to global academia represent China’s cutting-edge research infrastructure, including the remarkable Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) in Guizhou province—the world’s largest single-dish radio telescope. Also available will be the Space Environment Simulation and Research Infrastructure in Heilongjiang province and the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak nuclear fusion research facility in Anhui province, among other premier installations.

This initiative forms part of the Action Plan for International Cooperation in Open Science, launched collaboratively by China and international partners in 2025. The program aims to establish a more transparent, equitable, and non-discriminatory global environment for scientific and technological advancement. The move aligns with China’s broader strategy of driving innovation through high-level international partnerships, as outlined in the recently released 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) for national economic and social development.

The policy framework emphasizes creating an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness while supporting collaborative efforts among scientists worldwide to address fundamental and frontier scientific challenges. This unprecedented access to China’s scientific infrastructure represents a new chapter in global research cooperation, potentially accelerating breakthroughs across multiple scientific disciplines.

Meteorological authorities report that Northern China is currently experiencing an extraordinary warm spell, with temperatures forecasted to reach unprecedented seasonal highs of approximately 25°C (77°F) in specific regions this week. The unusual warming phenomenon began manifesting across most northern territories on Tuesday, with numerous urban centers already recording temperatures exceeding 20°C (68°F).

According to Weather China, the official platform of China Meteorological Administration, the thermal peak is projected to occur during Wednesday and Thursday. The 20°C isotherm—a meteorological boundary indicating equal temperature points—is anticipated to extend unusually northward, reaching northern Hebei province and western Liaoning province. This pattern suggests central and southern North China along with northern Huanghuai region may experience midday temperatures approaching 25°C.

Notable milestones include Hohhot in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region potentially recording its first 20°C reading of 2026, while Jinan in Shandong Province might reach 25°C—temperatures typically characteristic of late April or early May in climatological records. Nocturnal temperatures will similarly rise, with central and southern North China and Huanghuai region expected to experience minimum temperatures above 10°C by Thursday.

Meteorological analyst Tang Xiaojing attributes this anomalous warming to optimal atmospheric conditions: “The warming effect is particularly pronounced in North China, Huanghuai region and Northeast China due to predominantly clear skies or limited cloud cover, which significantly enhances daytime radiative heating.”

Conversely, southern China remains largely unaffected by this thermal anomaly, with temperatures aligning with seasonal averages. Weather models indicate a potential temperature inversion phenomenon around Wednesday, where northeastern cities including Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin might paradoxically experience higher daytime temperatures than southeastern urban centers like Shanghai, Hangzhou and Nanjing, where highs may not exceed 15°C due to cloud cover and precipitation.

Residents in northern regions are advised to implement layered clothing strategies as substantial diurnal temperature variations—exceeding 10-15°C—will persist despite daytime warmth. Northeastern areas will maintain near-freezing overnight temperatures while North China experiences single-digit nocturnal readings.

The China Meteorological Administration confirms that suppressed cold air activity through March’s conclusion will facilitate the persistence and intensification of this unusual early spring warmth across northern territories.

A comprehensive national assessment reveals significant improvements in China’s land geochemical composition over the past three decades, signaling enhanced soil productivity and ecological functionality across the country. The China Geological Survey, operating under the Ministry of Natural Resources, released these findings in its landmark National Land Geochemical Monitoring Report 2025, which analyzed over 500,000 data points collected from nationwide monitoring conducted in 1995, 2016, and 2023.

The report demonstrates that 92.6% of China’s land area now qualifies as medium grade or higher in quality—a notable increase of 0.4 percentage points since baseline measurements began in 1995. According to lead researcher Peng Min, this evaluation framework assesses critical chemical elements directly linked to soil nutrient content and ecological health.

Scientific analysis indicates that essential mineral components—including silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, and magnesium—have maintained remarkable stability throughout the 28-year observation period. Researchers characterize these elements as the fundamental ‘skeletal structure’ of soil, whose balance prevents degradation phenomena such as acidification, salinization, and desertification.

More significantly, monitoring data confirms measurable increases in both macronutrients vital for plant development (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and micronutrients essential for human health (manganese, selenium, and iodine). These elevated nutrient levels suggest positive implications for agricultural productivity and food security.

The study further documents a substantial 16.4% rise in organic carbon content, with concentrations increasing from 6.7 grams to 7.8 grams per kilogram of soil between 1995 and 2023. This enhancement strengthens soil water retention capabilities and nutrient preservation while establishing a virtuous cycle of carbon sequestration through plant photosynthesis.

Regionally, the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau exhibited extraordinary progress with organic carbon levels surging by 141.4%. Researcher Cheng Hangxin attributes this dramatic improvement to climate change effects—specifically warmer and wetter conditions—coupled with conservation initiatives including modified grazing protocols. As one of Earth’s critical carbon sinks, the plateau’s enhanced capacity for atmospheric carbon dioxide absorption strengthens its role in mitigating global greenhouse effects.

Looking forward, the China Geological Survey plans intensified monitoring during the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030), with 6,000 additional monitoring sites scheduled for establishment this year alone. The agency commits to continuing decadal national surveys and quinquennial regional assessments to track environmental progress and inform future conservation strategies.

China has officially recognized its most significant scientific achievements of 2025 during the opening ceremony of the 2026 Zhongguancun Forum in Beijing. The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) unveiled the annual selection of top 10 scientific advancements, showcasing remarkable progress across multiple disciplines of basic research.

Leading the prestigious list was a groundbreaking lunar discovery stemming from the Chang’e 6 mission. Chinese scientists analyzing the first-ever lunar farside samples identified that the farside basalts originated from an extremely depleted mantle source. This critical finding suggests that giant impact events may have triggered melt extraction from the lunar mantle, providing essential evidence for understanding the moon’s hemispheric dichotomy.

In medical science, a Chinese research team achieved a world-first by successfully transplanting a gene-edited pig liver into a human patient. This pioneering xenotransplantation procedure overcame fundamental barriers of immune rejection and functional compatibility, establishing crucial data and technological foundations for clinical translation.

The recognized advancements spanned numerous critical domains including advanced material sciences, controllable nuclear fusion technology, deep-sea exploration capabilities, cutting-edge chipmaking processes, and next-generation solar cell development. These achievements demonstrate China’s comprehensive approach to scientific innovation.

NSFC Director Dou Xiankang emphasized that the annual selection process, maintained since 2005, serves to motivate researchers to address fundamental research bottlenecks and produce more original scientific accomplishments. The initiative simultaneously aims to enhance public understanding and support for basic research fields.

The 2025 selections emerged from a rigorous evaluation process involving more than 600 basic research projects. The transparent procedure incorporated expert screening, real-time online voting, and committee deliberation, ensuring broad participation and scientific credibility.

China’s National Astronomical Observatories has unveiled a monumental astronomical dataset from its Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), distributing over 30 million celestial spectra to researchers worldwide. The newly released DR13 dataset, covering observations from 2011 through June 2025, represents the most extensive spectral survey ever conducted, solidifying China’s position at the forefront of astronomical research.

The comprehensive data release includes approximately 13.47 million low-resolution spectra and 17.35 million medium-resolution spectra, accompanied by a stellar parameter catalog containing nearly 12.94 million entries. This unprecedented collection continues LAMOST’s reign as the world’s leading spectral survey project in both data volume and stellar parameter scale.

Since becoming operational as China’s first major national scientific infrastructure in astronomy, LAMOST has revolutionized large-scale spectroscopic sky surveys. The telescope’s pioneering design has enabled 14 years of efficient and stable operation, during which it has transformed our understanding of the Milky Way’s structure and evolution.

The scientific impact of LAMOST’s data is demonstrated by its widespread adoption across the global astronomy community. Researchers from 278 institutions worldwide, including significant participation from the United States, Germany, Belgium, and Denmark, have utilized the telescope’s data to produce more than 2,200 high-quality research publications. Recent years have seen particularly robust output, with over 300 annual publications—more than 40 percent authored by international astronomers—placing LAMOST’s scientific productivity among the world’s elite 6-to-10-meter class telescopes.

Beyond galactic studies, LAMOST’s spectra have facilitated groundbreaking discoveries across multiple astronomical domains, including the identification of compact objects, advances in stellar physics, exoplanet detection, and quasar research. This latest data release promises to further accelerate astronomical discovery and international collaboration in the coming years.

A groundbreaking discovery by a Chinese-led international research team has unraveled a long-standing cosmic mystery through the first direct detection of negative hydrogen ions on the lunar surface. The findings, captured by specialized instrumentation aboard China’s Chang’e 6 lunar lander, reveal how solar wind interactions generate these elusive particles on airless celestial bodies.

The research team employed the Negative Ions at the Lunar Surface (NILS) detector, a pioneering instrument co-developed by the Swedish Institute of Space Physics and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. During its operational window, the instrument recorded six distinct energy signatures of negative hydrogen ions over a 48-hour period, marking the first direct measurement of such particles on another planetary body.

Negative ions—atoms or molecules that have gained extra electrons—represent a crucial component of universal plasma but have remained notoriously difficult to study due to their fragility. Solar radiation typically strips away their additional electrons almost immediately, making remote detection virtually impossible.

The investigation confirmed these ions form through a scattering process where solar wind particles collide with lunar regolith and rebound, capturing electrons from the soil in the process. By cross-referencing data with the European Space Agency’s Artemis satellites, researchers established a direct correlation between solar wind intensity and negative ion production rates.

Simulations revealed dramatically different behaviors between the moon’s illuminated and dark sides. On the sunlit surface, ions survive mere moments within an extremely thin surface layer, while on the night side, they persist significantly longer, being carried by electromagnetic fields to form a massive tail extending thousands of kilometers behind the moon.

This discovery provides critical insights into space weathering—the gradual physical and chemical alteration of celestial surfaces by the space environment. The researchers suggest these ions may contribute to lunar water formation and help maintain the moon’s tenuous exosphere, with ion density surging over 1,000% during periods of intense solar activity.

The findings establish a new framework for studying similar phenomena on other airless solar system bodies, including asteroids and planetary moons, advancing our understanding of universal plasma behavior and celestial evolution.