分类： science

In a groundbreaking orbital experiment, astronauts aboard China’s Tiangong space station have successfully completed pioneering research examining how microgravity conditions affect the internal performance mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries. The Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics confirmed the completion of this innovative study on Wednesday.

The research initiative, spearheaded by payload specialist Zhang Hongzhang of the Shenzhou XXI mission crew, leveraged his specialized expertise to execute complex technical operations in the unique space environment. The experiment represents a significant advancement in understanding electrochemical processes free from Earth’s gravitational influences.

Unlike terrestrial laboratories where gravity constantly interacts with electric fields, the microgravity environment of space provides scientists with unprecedented opportunities to observe fundamental battery processes in isolation. The research specifically investigated ion transport mechanisms, insertion dynamics, and extraction processes without gravitational interference that typically complicates ground-based experiments.

Zhang conducted real-time monitoring and captured detailed optical observations of lithium dendrite formation—microscopic, needle-like structures that pose significant safety risks by potentially causing short circuits in battery systems. His work documented the full progression of these phenomena through comprehensive imaging techniques.

The findings are expected to overcome critical knowledge gaps regarding coupled gravity-electric field effects and provide foundational data for enhancing current spacecraft energy systems. This research holds particular importance for developing next-generation space batteries with improved energy capacity, extended service life, and enhanced safety protocols for future space missions.

Lithium-ion batteries remain indispensable for modern space exploration due to their high energy density, reliability, and longevity. This experiment addresses growing scientific interest in microscopic electrochemical mechanisms, particularly how chemical distribution within electrolytes affects power output and operational lifespan in space environments.

In a groundbreaking revelation that reshapes our understanding of Martian evolution, China’s Zhurong rover has uncovered compelling evidence indicating water persisted on the Red Planet hundreds of millions of years longer than previously established. The findings, published in the National Science Review by researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Geology and Geophysics, fundamentally alter existing Martian hydrological timelines.

Utilizing advanced quad-polarized ground-penetrating radar technology—functioning as a sophisticated planetary CT scanner—Zhurong examined subsurface structures at its Utopia Planitia landing site. The data revealed a uniformly thick sedimentary layer approximately 4 meters beneath the surface, covering buried impact craters with remarkable consistency.

According to lead researcher Liu Yike, the geological evidence decisively eliminates volcanic or aeolian origins. “The sedimentary layer’s uniform thickness and continuity point conclusively toward aqueous deposition,” Liu explained. “The formation environment likely resembled a shallow marine or lacustrine system rather than dry volcanic or wind-driven processes.”

The radar imaging further captured centimeter-scale stratifications characteristic of aquatic sedimentation, providing additional validation of sustained water activity during the middle-late Amazonian Period approximately 750 million years ago. This timeline pushes Mars’ hydrological activity significantly closer to the present era than the previously accepted cutoff of 3 billion years ago.

Since its May 2021 landing, Zhurong has traversed 1,921 meters across the Martian terrain, gathering extensive datasets that continue to revolutionize planetary science. These findings not only recalibrate Martian climatic models but also enhance our understanding of planetary habitability thresholds and geological evolution.

The discovery underscores the growing sophistication of China’s deep space exploration capabilities while providing crucial insights for future interplanetary research missions seeking evidence of extraterrestrial life and habitable environments.

SHANGHAI – Researchers at Shanghai Ocean University have unveiled a groundbreaking ecological approach to water purification that merges ancient Chinese medical philosophy with modern environmental science. The innovative methodology, developed under the guidance of Professor Wang Liqing, applies the fundamental diagnostic principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine – observation, listening, smelling, inquiry, and palpation – to assess and rehabilitate compromised aquatic ecosystems.

The comprehensive treatment protocol initiates with meticulous water quality analysis through both visual inspection and advanced instrumental monitoring. Subsequent phases involve examining water circulation dynamics and investigating historical pollution sources alongside environmental transformations. These diagnostic insights inform the creation of customized rehabilitation strategies tailored to each unique water body.

“Our primary intervention involves isolating pollution sources to prevent additional contamination,” Professor Wang explained. “We then perform precise ‘surgical’ modifications to underwater topography while establishing specialized habitats for carefully selected aquatic flora and fauna.”

The research team conceptualizes water ecosystems as intricate networks where material conversion, energy transfer, and information exchange form self-regulating systems with interconnected components. This holistic perspective enables implementation of complete ecological solutions rather than addressing isolated symptoms.

The treatment methodology employs diverse biological agents strategically deployed according to water depth. In deeper aquatic zones, fish populations serve as natural regulators of algae while absorbing surplus nutrients. Shallower regions receive submerged vegetation, particularly a specially engineered strain of vallisneria that demonstrates exceptional pollutant absorption capabilities.

At their Qingpu district research facility, the team has perfected plant cultivation techniques through two decades of selective breeding. Their enhanced vallisneria variant achieves two annual harvests while exhibiting superior functional performance. The researchers have additionally developed specialized equipment including aquatic plant wrapping machinery and automated collection vessels that enable low-disturbance, high-efficiency planting and maintenance operations.

While the ecological approach appears fundamentally simple, Professor Wang emphasizes its underlying complexity lies in precision implementation. “Each aquatic environment demands carefully calibrated, location-specific interventions to maintain ecological equilibrium,” she noted.

The system’s effectiveness finds demonstration at Jinhai Lake in Fengxian district, where implemented measures have maintained remarkable stability since 2011. Water transparency consistently reaches two meters with quality meeting Grade II or III standards, while the site now purifies approximately 100,000 metric tons daily.

In Zhujiajiao Water Town, the establishment of ecological buffer zones has improved water transparency from under half a meter to exceeding 1.5 meters. The approach achieves significant cost efficiency, reducing treatment expenses from 0.2-0.5 yuan per ton through conventional methods to approximately 0.04 yuan per ton.

“We facilitate natural transformation processes rather than merely extracting pollutants,” Professor Wang elaborated. “Converting dissolved nutrients into harvestable biomass establishes a sustainable cycle where aquatic vegetation serves as fish nourishment or organic fertilizer.”

The ecological methodology has been deployed across more than 700 projects throughout 23 Chinese provinces and municipalities, treating approximately 90 square kilometers of water area – equivalent to 15 West Lakes. “Our ultimate vision transcends water treatment alone,” Professor Wang concluded. “We aspire to create self-sustaining ecosystems that coexist harmoniously with human activity while delivering enduring environmental and economic benefits.”

In the shadow of the Qinling Mountains, a quiet agricultural transformation is underway where microscopic plant tissues and genetic sequencing are replacing traditional farming methods as the primary drivers of increased productivity. Baoji, a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi province, has emerged as an unexpected epicenter of agricultural innovation through its pioneering application of advanced biotechnologies.

The Baoji Academy of Agricultural Sciences serves as the nerve center for this revolution, where scientists employ cutting-edge techniques including molecular breeding, CRISPR gene editing, and shoot tip detoxification to develop superior crop varieties. In one laboratory, researchers meticulously dissect plant shoot tips measuring less than half a millimeter—a process that eliminates viral infections and can boost yields by up to 30%.

Agricultural scientist Du Xueshi exemplifies this new approach, examining tomato seedlings for genetic markers that confer resistance to the devastating yellow leaf curl virus. ‘We’re essentially conducting genetic identification to ensure only the most resilient plants reach our fields,’ Du explained.

The practical benefits are already transforming local agriculture. Farmer Tie Hongke reported that soybean yields in Qishan County have dramatically increased from approximately 135 kilograms per half hectare to 275 kilograms using the locally developed Baodou No. 10 variety—a high-protein strain containing 43% protein content that commands premium prices from food processors.

Additional breakthroughs include the Baodou 1519 soybean variety, which has achieved record yields of 302 kilograms per mu (0.066 hectares), and the Qinshu 13 sweet potato strain that produces up to 6,000 kilograms per mu. A newly developed short-vine sweet potato variety enables full mechanical harvesting, significantly reducing labor requirements.

These innovations have reduced breeding cycles from over a decade to just seven or eight years through molecular techniques. In rapeseed research, scientists now cultivate stable lines from single microspores in as little as three years.

Baoji’s agricultural output has surged from 31.7 billion yuan in 2019 to 42 billion yuan in 2024—a 32% increase largely attributed to scientific advancements. The city has become China’s largest production base for premium kiwifruit and dwarf apple trees, while simultaneously developing as a major center for alpine vegetables and dairy production.

The city’s biotechnology laboratory—the first of its kind in Shaanxi—operates six breeding units capable of producing three to four crop generations annually. The academy’s germplasm bank now preserves over 4,400 plant samples, each representing potential future breakthroughs.

This scientific approach aligns with national policy directives emerging from the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, which emphasized accelerating agricultural modernization through technological innovation. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has specifically endorsed developing ‘new quality productive forces’ in farming, including bio-breeding, agricultural drones, artificial intelligence, and digital management systems.

Wang Zhouyu, president of the Baoji Academy of Agricultural Sciences, summarized the mission: ‘Our objective remains straightforward—to cultivate better crops and put more smiles on farmers’ faces.’ As China pursues agricultural modernization, Baoji’s integration of laboratory science with practical farming applications offers a replicable model for enhancing food security through innovation.

In the extreme cold of Harbin, Northeast China, where winter temperatures regularly plummet to -30°C, traditional heating methods developed over millennia are now capturing academic attention for their sustainable potential. Unlike modern central heating systems that consume massive energy, these ancient approaches demonstrate remarkable efficiency through intelligent design rather than increased energy consumption.

The kang, a heated platform-bed constructed from earth bricks, represents one of humanity’s most enduring heating innovations. Functioning as an integrated architectural element rather than mere furniture, this thick raised slab connects directly to the family cooking stove. When meals are prepared, hot air circulates through subterranean passages, warming the entire mass of compacted earth that then radiates heat throughout the night.

What makes this 2,000-year-old technology particularly relevant today is its targeted heating approach. Instead of warming entire rooms, the kang focuses thermal energy precisely where people need it most. The system requires no pumps, radiators, or fossil fuel consumption beyond what’s already used for cooking. Hundreds of kilograms of earth act as natural thermal batteries, slowly releasing stored heat over many hours.

Similar principles appear throughout East Asian heating traditions. Korea’s ondol system channels warm air beneath thick floors, while Japan’s kotatsu uses a low table with an under-mounted heater beneath heavy blankets to warm occupants’ legs. These systems all share a common philosophy: maximize personal comfort while minimizing energy waste.

Even Europe once employed comparable approaches before the widespread adoption of energy-intensive central heating. Ancient Roman hypocausts circulated hot air under floors, medieval households used heavy tapestries as insulation, and various cultures employed heated rugs and enclosed sleeping areas.

The contemporary relevance of these traditional systems becomes increasingly urgent as millions of Europeans struggle with soaring energy costs and inadequate heating. Modern solutions like heat pumps and renewable energy work best when integrated with highly efficient buildings that require less energy overall. The kang demonstrates that true comfort emerges from intelligent design rather than excessive energy consumption—a lesson that could guide sustainable architecture toward more resilient heating solutions.

In a groundbreaking initiative for space preparedness, China has successfully concluded its inaugural cave survival training program for astronauts in Chongqing’s Wulong district. The month-long intensive exercise, organized by the Astronaut Center of China, involved twenty-eight participants facing extreme subterranean conditions to simulate the challenges of deep space exploration.

The astronauts endured six days and five nights in natural caves with temperatures averaging 8°C and humidity reaching 99%. The training regimen included navigating narrow passages, cliff rappelling, environmental monitoring, cave mapping, and simulated communications with mission control. Beyond physical endurance, the program specifically addressed psychological challenges including sensory deprivation, darkness adaptation, and isolation management.

According to project leader Wu Bin, the training aimed to enhance multiple critical competencies: “This comprehensive program tested risk response capabilities, self-reliance, teamwork, emergency decision-making, and overall operational readiness in extreme environments.”

Psychological resilience emerged as a central focus, with astronaut instructor Jiang Yuan emphasizing that “caves represent typical examples of extreme confinement and isolation, providing valuable scientific insights for supporting astronauts’ mental health during prolonged space missions.”

Veteran astronaut Ye Guangfu, who previously participated in similar European Space Agency training, noted the program’s significance for future long-duration space station operations and crewed lunar exploration. Participants reported the experience effectively simulated the loneliness and unknowns of deep-space exploration while strengthening emergency response capabilities and team cohesion.

The China Manned Space Agency confirms these rigorous training programs will continue for both new recruits and experienced astronauts, reflecting China’s systematic approach to preparing spacefarers for unpredictable scenarios and potential emergency landings in hostile terrestrial environments.

In a groundbreaking initiative to prepare space explorers for extreme environments, twenty-eight Chinese astronauts have successfully concluded the nation’s inaugural cave survival training program. The intensive month-long exercise, orchestrated by the Astronaut Center of China in Chongqing’s Wulong district, represents a significant advancement in human spaceflight preparation methodology.

The comprehensive training regimen incorporated over ten specialized activities designed to simulate challenging conditions astronauts might encounter during space missions. Participants conducted environmental monitoring, performed detailed cave mapping operations, engaged in simulated communication exercises replicating spacecraft-ground control interactions, and underwent rigorous psychological and behavioral conditioning.

Astronauts were organized into four distinct groups, each enduring six days and five nights within natural cave systems characterized by average temperatures of 8°C and humidity levels reaching 99%. The training curriculum required participants to navigate exceptionally narrow passages, execute technical climbs and rappels along cliff faces, and withstand prolonged exposure to cold, damp conditions while managing substantial physical demands.

Beyond physical challenges, the program addressed critical psychological aspects of space exploration, including overcoming darkness-induced anxiety and coping with sensory deprivation environments. This domestic training initiative follows China’s previous participation in international programs, notably astronaut Ye Guangfu’s involvement in the European Space Agency’s underground training in Italy during 2016.

The China Manned Space Agency has announced plans to continue these advanced training programs for both veteran astronauts and new recruits, emphasizing the importance of developing enhanced adaptability to extreme environments and improving mission accomplishment capabilities for future space exploration endeavors.