分类： science

Chinese scientists have initiated a groundbreaking international megascience endeavor to sequence the genetic architecture of Earth’s major land plant lineages. The ambitious PLANeT project, formally inaugurated in Beijing this week, represents a collaborative effort between China’s Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen (AGIS), the Botanical Society of China, Peking University, and over 40 research institutions spanning 15 nations and territories.

This unprecedented botanical genomics initiative seeks to address a critical scientific gap: currently, over 99% of the estimated 450,000 land plant species lack high-quality reference genomes. Researchers will employ advanced phylogenomic methodologies to resolve evolutionary relationships and divergence timelines among all major plant groups, ultimately constructing a comprehensive ‘tree of life’ for global flora.

Dr. Wang Li, a principal investigator from AGIS, compared the project’s potential impact to the landmark Human Genome Project of the 1990s. ‘PLANeT shares a similar visionary approach to transforming our understanding of biological systems,’ Wang stated. The project will leverage artificial intelligence algorithms to process massive genomic datasets, enabling machines to identify conserved patterns and decipher what scientists describe as plants’ ‘common language’—the organizational logic of DNA sequences, regulatory elements, and functional modules.

Beyond fundamental scientific discovery, PLANeT promises substantial practical applications. By identifying genetic markers of vulnerability, the project will enhance conservation efforts for endangered species. Additionally, researchers will mine genomic data for genes associated with disease resistance, drought tolerance, and salt tolerance, accelerating the development of climate-resilient crops to address global food security challenges.

The initiative embodies open international scientific cooperation, aiming to reshape paradigms in life science research while delivering tangible solutions for ecological sustainability and human welfare.

China’s astronomical research has achieved a groundbreaking milestone with the Tianguan satellite, internationally known as the Einstein Probe, potentially recording the first-ever observation of an intermediate-mass black hole violently consuming a white dwarf star. The National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC) announced this extraordinary discovery, marking a significant advancement in cosmic phenomenon documentation.

The pivotal detection occurred on July 2, 2025, when the satellite’s Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) identified an exceptionally luminous and rapidly evolving X-ray source during standard sky surveillance. Designated EP250702a, this event prompted immediate international collaboration among astronomers worldwide, triggering multi-wavelength observations across the global scientific community.

Research published in Science Bulletin’s cover article presents compelling evidence that the observed phenomenon represents a tidal disruption event of unprecedented nature. The scientific team notes that the burst’s distinctive characteristics—including its brightness evolution, radiation pattern, and spectral features—differ markedly from any previously documented cosmic explosion.

Associate Researcher Zhang Wenda of NAOC explained that the event closely resembles theoretical predictions of jetted tidal disruption occurrences, where celestial bodies are torn apart by immense gravitational forces. White dwarfs, the ultra-dense remnants of deceased stars, possess densities approximately one million times greater than our Sun. Theoretical models indicate that only intermediate-mass black holes—ranging from hundreds to hundreds of thousands of solar masses—generate sufficient tidal forces to dismantle such compact objects rather than consuming them intact.

Researcher Jin Chichuan emphasized that the observed ultra-short timescale, extreme peak luminosity, and subsequent emergence of a soft X-ray ‘afterglow’ provide strong evidence supporting the white dwarf disruption scenario. This process theoretically produces brief, intense energy bursts typically accompanied by luminous, high-velocity jets consistent with EP250702a’s observed properties.

Principal Investigator Yuan Weimin highlighted that this discovery demonstrates Tianguan satellite’s unique capability to capture unpredictable transient cosmic events. The mission’s sophisticated monitoring technology has not only enabled the first documentation of this extreme astrophysical phenomenon but also signifies China’s substantial contribution to international astronomical exploration and understanding of the universe’s most violent processes.

Chinese scientists have achieved a groundbreaking advancement in laser technology with the development of a novel crystal capable of producing vacuum ultraviolet lasers at unprecedented wavelengths. The research team, led by Director Pan Shilie from the Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, has successfully created ammonium fluorooxoborate (ABF) crystals that generate lasers at a record-breaking 158.9 nanometers, pushing the boundaries of precision technology.

This scientific milestone, detailed in a recent publication in Nature, represents the culmination of over a decade of dedicated research to overcome significant material science challenges. The team’s persistence has yielded centimeter-sized ABF crystals that demonstrate exceptional durability, stability, and performance characteristics essential for industrial applications.

The technological implications extend across multiple high-precision industries. In semiconductor manufacturing, these advanced lasers will enable the creation of finer circuit patterns critical for next-generation computing chips. The aerospace sector stands to benefit from ultra-precise surface treatments for satellite components, while medical device manufacturers can achieve new levels of precision in surgical implant production.

Beyond industrial applications, the breakthrough holds promise for fundamental scientific research. The vacuum ultraviolet lasers produced by ABF crystals may provide researchers with new tools to investigate quantum phenomena and superconductivity mechanisms that have previously remained elusive.

China’s achievement in developing ABF crystals reinforces the nation’s strategic position in advanced materials science. The Xinjiang institute is now progressing toward large-scale production capabilities, with future efforts focused on integrating these superior crystals into compact, cost-effective laser systems for global industrial deployment.

China has successfully executed a groundbreaking flight test that marks a significant advancement in its ambitious lunar exploration program. On February 11, 2026, at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in Hainan province, Chinese aerospace engineers conducted simultaneous tests of both the Long March 10 carrier rocket and the next-generation Mengzhou crewed spaceship system.

The comprehensive demonstration involved a low-altitude verification flight for the heavy-lift rocket alongside a maximum dynamic pressure (Max Q) abort test for the Mengzhou spacecraft. This dual-purpose mission represented multiple firsts in China’s space exploration history: the inaugural flight test of the Long March 10 prototype, the country’s first Max Q escape operation for a spacecraft, the maiden sea splashdown of both a crew capsule and rocket booster, and the initial operational use of Wenchang’s newly constructed heavy rocket launch infrastructure.

The meticulously orchestrated sequence began with the Long March 10 prototype booster launching from the coastal spaceport, carrying the Mengzhou spacecraft prototype. At the critical Max Q phase—where aerodynamic forces peak during ascent—the spacecraft’s return capsule successfully separated using its rocket-powered escape tower. After achieving predetermined altitude, the capsule deployed parachutes and was successfully recovered from the South China Sea.

Concurrently, the rocket booster continued its trajectory, crossing the Kármán line into space before executing a controlled return. Through sophisticated maneuvers involving grid fin deployment, reaction control system activation, and precisely timed engine reignitions, the massive vehicle achieved a stable hover before making a controlled splashdown—marking China’s first successful recovery of a rocket booster and demonstrating reusable rocket capabilities previously mastered only by the United States.

Technical experts highlighted the extraordinary challenges overcome during the test. Zhu Pingping, chief engineer at China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, emphasized that the booster endured unprecedented thermal fluxes and aerodynamic loads during reentry, pushing the limits of structural integrity, thermal protection, and altitude control systems.

The Mengzhou program’s deputy project manager, Deng Kaiwen, explained that the Max Q escape test validated the spacecraft’s ability to safeguard astronauts during the most aerodynamically demanding ascent phase, requiring exceptional reliability from the escape tower and computer systems.

Both the Long March 10 rocket and Mengzhou spacecraft, currently in final development phases, represent critical components of China’s strategy to land astronauts on the moon before 2030. The rocket’s configuration includes a 92.5-meter tall moon mission variant capable of delivering 27-ton payloads to lunar transfer orbit, plus a shorter version for space station missions. The Mengzhou spacecraft, measuring 9 meters long with 4.5-meter diameter, will eventually replace the veteran Shenzhou capsules that have served China’s crewed space program for nearly three decades.

A groundbreaking study led by researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences has revolutionized refrigeration technology by developing a novel cooling method that simultaneously achieves zero emissions, high cooling capacity, and exceptional heat transfer efficiency. Published in the prestigious journal Nature, this research addresses critical environmental and energy challenges posed by conventional cooling systems.

The research team, under the leadership of Professor Li Bing from the Institute of Metal Research, discovered an innovative approach that integrates solid cooling effects with liquid flow dynamics. Their investigation focused on ammonium thiocyanate, a non-toxic industrial salt that demonstrates remarkable thermal properties when dissolved in water. The team observed that the salt’s dissolution absorbs substantial heat, while applying pressure reverses the process, causing precipitation and heat release. This reversible cycle creates a continuous cooling mechanism ideal for refrigeration applications.

Unlike traditional vapor-compression systems that account for approximately 20% of China’s electricity consumption and 7.8% of carbon emissions, this new technology eliminates the need for environmentally harmful fluorocarbon refrigerants. Professor Li explained that their method transcends conventional limitations by combining refrigerant and heat-transfer medium into a single fluid, effectively solving what scientists previously termed the ‘impossible triangle’ of caloric materials.

Laboratory results demonstrated exceptional performance, with temperature drops of nearly 30°C achieved within 20 seconds at room temperature and cooling spans reaching 54°C at elevated temperatures. The prototype system showed a cooling capacity of 67 joules per gram with efficiency approaching 77%, while in-situ spectroscopic experiments confirmed the process’s stability, reversibility, and instantaneous response to pressure changes.

The technology’s superior high-temperature performance positions it as an ideal solution for thermal management in next-generation artificial intelligence computing centers, where heat dissipation presents significant challenges. While the research shows tremendous promise for industrial and domestic refrigeration applications, the team acknowledges that further engineering breakthroughs are needed to optimize rapid and reversible pressure-tuned phase transitions for commercial implementation.

In the exacting realm of quantum information science, where meticulous precision is paramount, 29-year-old doctoral candidate Wang Haigang has redefined the meaning of perseverance. At Taiyuan University of Technology, Wang conducts groundbreaking research not with his hands, but through an extraordinary adaptation—operating complex simulations and drafting sophisticated English research papers using his feet to control both keyboard and mouse.

Wang’s recent receipt of the university’s prestigious President’s Scholarship stands as testament to his exceptional academic achievements. His research trajectory includes first-author publication in the respected journal Communications Physics in December, along with four additional Science Citation Index papers demonstrating remarkable scholarly contribution to quantum information studies.

The journey to academic excellence began with profound adversity. At age eight, Wang lost both arms in a high-voltage electrical accident. Rather than succumbing to limitation, he embarked on a path of radical self-reliance, mastering the art of writing with his toes by the end of that first challenging summer with family support.

His academic path led him to Shandong University of Science and Technology in 2015 before pursuing combined master’s and doctoral studies at Taiyuan University of Technology’s School of Mathematics in 2020. That same year, national recognition came with his designation as a ‘star of self-reliant Chinese college students.’

Under Professor He Kan’s mentorship, Wang developed specialized expertise in quantum information. The university provided tailored accommodations including a private dormitory with bathroom facilities to support his unique needs. When research obstacles emerged, collaboration with Professor Meng Xiangyi from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute proved instrumental. Their transcontinental partnership, initiated through scholarly correspondence, evolved into meaningful academic dialogue that broke through research impasses.

Beyond laboratory confines, Wang demonstrates multifaceted abilities—mastering soccer, skiing, skateboarding, and computer gaming while maintaining an active social media presence documenting his adaptive daily routines. While acknowledging the ‘armless doctor’ label creates mixed feelings, Wang recognizes its power to challenge perceptions about disability and intellectual capability.

University President Sun Hongbin praised Wang’s resilience as ‘a precious quality in the face of adversity’ that inspires young students nationwide. With quantum technology identified among China’s six key industries in the national 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30), Wang’s research carries significant national importance. ‘I want to contribute to this field,’ Wang stated, embodying a spirit that transforms physical limitation into scientific advancement.

Paleontologists from Yunnan University have made a groundbreaking discovery that challenges conventional understanding of early vertebrate evolution. Their research indicates that the earliest known vertebrates from the Cambrian Period, approximately 518 million years ago, may have possessed not two but four camera-type eyes.

The study, published in the prestigious journal Nature, examines jawless vertebrates known as myllokunmingids that inhabited Earth’s oceans during a critical evolutionary period. Led by Academician Xu Xing from the School of Life Sciences and Researcher Cong Peiyun from the Institute of Paleontology, the team analyzed exceptionally preserved fossil specimens from the Chengjiang biota in Yunnan province.

These fossils reveal a remarkable anatomical feature: a smaller pair of round, dark structures positioned between the conventional lateral eyes. Through meticulous analysis, researchers determined these structures were preserved as organic carbon films containing melanin-bearing melanosomes—characteristics that closely match the retinal pigment epithelium found in modern vertebrates.

The most significant finding emerged when researchers identified traces of lenses within these additional ocular structures. The precise positioning and proportional size of these lenses relative to the retinal tissues mirror the anatomical relationship observed in functional camera-type eyes, strongly suggesting these organs possessed image-forming capabilities.

This extraordinary dorsal pineal complex, located atop the animals’ heads, represents a previously unknown visual system configuration in early vertebrates. The discovery provides unprecedented insights into how these ancient creatures perceived their environment and enhances our understanding of sensory evolution during the Cambrian explosion—a period of rapid biological diversification.

The research not only expands scientific knowledge of vertebrate visual system origins but also offers fresh perspectives on the survival strategies employed by animals during one of Earth’s most biologically creative eras.

Groundbreaking research stemming from China’s Chang’e-6 lunar mission has fundamentally challenged established theories about the Moon’s geological history and impact distribution. Analysis of the 1,935 grams of samples retrieved from the Moon’s far side has revealed that impact rates between the near and far sides are essentially identical, contradicting the long-standing hypothesis that the far side served as a protective shield for Earth.

The research, published in Science Advances, has enabled Chinese scientists to develop a new lunar crater chronology model that provides unprecedented accuracy in dating unsampled lunar regions. Led by Professor Yue Zongyu from the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Geology and Geophysics, the international team combined radiometric dating of the far side samples with high-resolution remote sensing data and historical information from Apollo, Luna, and previous Chang’e missions.

The samples included norites dating back 4.25 billion years, corresponding to the age of the South Pole-Aitken basin—the Moon’s largest and oldest impact crater. This discovery is particularly significant as previous chronology models relied exclusively on near-side samples from surfaces less than 4 billion years old, creating limitations in understanding lunar evolutionary history.

Perhaps most notably, the findings challenge the controversial ‘Late Heavy Bombardment’ hypothesis that proposed a massive lunar cataclysm approximately 3.9 billion years ago. The new model suggests Apollo samples clustering around that period may reflect local events rather than global phenomena, indicating instead a smooth decline in impact frequency over time.

This research establishes a universal framework for lunar science that will enhance our understanding of impact processes throughout the solar system, with the Moon serving as a critical historical record of planetary evolution.

An international research consortium led by Chinese scientists has achieved a groundbreaking quantification of Earth’s most extreme climatic period, revealing unprecedented details about the ‘snowball Earth’ epoch approximately 700 million years ago. Published in Nature Communications, their study provides the first direct temperature measurements of ancient oceans during this planetary deep freeze.

The investigation determined that continental margin waters—critical zones for early biological activity—maintained temperatures between -22°C and -8°C despite global glaciation. This remarkable liquid state persisted due to salinity levels quadruple those of contemporary seawater, creating a natural antifreeze effect that prevented complete solidification.

Dr. Lu Kai, lead author and postdoctoral researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Geology and Geophysics, emphasized the significance: ‘These represent the coldest ocean temperatures ever recorded in Earth’s history, surpassing even Antarctica’s modern supercooled lakes.’

The team employed innovative paleothermometry techniques analyzing iron isotopes within ancient glacial marine sediments. These isotopic signatures function as geological thermometers, preserving temperature data through atomic abundance variations that correlate with thermal conditions.

Dr. Lu explained the mechanism: ‘High salinity enabled liquid water persistence through processes similar to contemporary Antarctic ice shelf circulation. During freeze-thaw cycles at ice sheet bases, salt exclusion created concentrated brines with depressed freezing points.’

This research fundamentally advances understanding of how primordial life endured extreme cryogenic conditions while offering new perspectives on Earth’s climate resilience mechanisms. The findings establish critical parameters for modeling past climate transitions and evaluating biological tolerance thresholds during planetary-scale environmental crises.

Researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China have achieved a transformative advancement in quantum networking technology, publishing their landmark findings in both Nature and Science journals. The breakthrough addresses the fundamental challenge of signal degradation in optical fibers that has previously hindered practical implementation of large-scale quantum networks.

The research team successfully developed a comprehensive solution involving three key innovations: a long-lived trapped-ion quantum memory, a highly efficient ion-photon interface, and an experimental protocol demonstrating exceptional fidelity. These components collectively enable quantum entanglement to persist significantly longer than the time required to establish connections between network segments.

This advancement represents the world’s first demonstration of a scalable building block for quantum repeaters—devices that break long communication links into shorter, manageable segments. Quantum repeaters are essential for distributing quantum entanglement across extended distances, which is necessary for ultra-secure quantum communication and interconnecting future quantum computers.

In a parallel achievement, the team utilized similar technology to generate high-fidelity entanglement between two distant rubidium atoms. This enabled the first-ever demonstration of device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) over city-scale fiber networks. DI-QKD is considered the gold standard for secure communication as its security is guaranteed by the fundamental laws of quantum physics, remaining impervious to potential device vulnerabilities.

The team successfully implemented DI-QKD across 11 kilometers of fiber, extending the attainable distance approximately 3,000 times beyond previous results. They further confirmed the feasibility of generating secure keys over 100 kilometers, surpassing prior international records by more than two orders of magnitude.

These breakthroughs mark pivotal milestones in quantum communication and networking, signaling the transition of fiber-based quantum networks from theoretical concept toward practical implementation. The advancements position China at the forefront of quantum technology development with significant implications for global secure communications infrastructure.