ALGIERS, Algeria — In a landmark legislative move with profound historical implications, Algeria’s National Assembly has formally declared France’s 130-year colonial occupation a criminal act. The newly enacted law establishes a comprehensive framework seeking redress for colonial-era injustices, including demands for restitution of appropriated property and cultural artifacts.
The legislative body, with an overwhelming majority of 340 out of 407 members, endorsed the measure during a ceremonious session marked by nationalistic symbolism. The timing coincides with broader African continental initiatives advocating for recognition and reparations concerning colonial crimes.
This groundbreaking legislation encompasses the entire colonial period from France’s initial invasion in 1830 through Algeria’s hard-won independence in 1962. Key provisions mandate the return of Algerian archives and cultural property displaced during colonial rule, alongside detailed documentation regarding French nuclear testing conducted on Algerian territory between 1960-1966. The law further demands repatriation of remains belonging to Algerian resistance fighters currently held in France.
Notably, the statute imposes criminal penalties—including imprisonment—for any Algerian citizen found celebrating French colonialism or disparaging symbols of national resistance.
France has vehemently condemned the legislation as a “hostile act” that jeopardizes ongoing bilateral reconciliation efforts. The French Foreign Ministry emphasized President Emmanuel Macron’s previous initiatives addressing colonial grievances while reaffirming commitment to continued dialogue on security and migration matters.
The historical context reveals particularly brutal aspects of French colonial administration in Algeria. Despite legal incorporation into France, systemic inequality prevailed with nearly one million European settlers enjoying superior political, economic, and social privileges. Algeria’s revolutionary struggle witnessed extreme violence, including widespread torture, forced disappearances, and village devastations as part of French counterinsurgency operations.
Parliamentary proceedings were emotionally charged, featuring displays of massive national flags and spontaneous renditions of patriotic anthems. Assembly Speaker Mohamed Boughali characterized the occasion as “a historic day to be written in letters of gold in the national narrative.”
The legislation’s principal architect, former lawmaker Mohamed Arezki Ferrad, described the adoption as “the culmination of a long struggle initiated in 2001 for the memory and honor of all resistance fighters.” The comprehensive statute comprises five chapters and 27 articles, explicitly establishing that colonial-era crimes are not subject to statutes of limitation.