Hong Kong’s Court of Appeal has delivered a definitive ruling in the city’s most significant national security case, rejecting all appeals from pro-democracy activists convicted for their involvement in an unofficial primary election. The decision solidifies the legal consequences for 47 activists charged in 2021 with conspiracy to commit subversion under Beijing’s national security legislation.
In a sweeping judgment Monday, the court dismissed appeals from eleven activists challenging their convictions, including former legislators Leung Kwok-hung, Lam Cheuk-ting, Raymond Chan, and Helena Wong. All sentence appeals were similarly rejected, maintaining prison terms ranging from four to ten years imposed earlier this year. The mass prosecution has effectively dismantled Hong Kong’s once-vibrant pro-democracy movement that peaked during the 2019 anti-government protests.
The case stemmed from an unofficial primary election organized by democracy advocates seeking to coordinate candidates for the 2020 legislative elections. Prosecutors successfully argued that the activists’ strategy to secure a legislative majority—aimed at pressuring for police accountability reforms and democratic leadership elections—constituted an attempt to paralyze government operations and force resignations.
Judges in their 2024 verdict determined that the activists’ plans would have undermined governmental authority and precipitated constitutional crisis. While foreign governments and human rights organizations have condemned the sentences as politically motivated, both Beijing and Hong Kong authorities maintain that the national security law was essential for preserving stability.
Among the original defendants, Lawrence Lau, a pro-democracy former district councilor, saw his acquittal upheld despite prosecution appeals. Nearly twenty activists from the case have been released over the past year after completing their sentences, including former district councilors Jimmy Sham and Lester Shum.
The courtroom proceedings revealed emotional scenes as incarcerated activists waved to family members and supporters, some of whom had waited outside the courthouse since Saturday to secure seating. Retiree Margaret Chan, who attended to show support for those she considers innocent, expressed relief that some activists had already served their terms, noting ‘They have survived it.’