SpaceX, under the leadership of Elon Musk, has submitted a groundbreaking proposal to deploy one million satellites into Earth’s orbit, creating an unprecedented network of orbital data centers specifically designed to power artificial intelligence systems. The revolutionary application, filed with the Federal Communications Commission on Friday, presents this ambitious infrastructure as the most economically viable and energy-efficient solution to meet the exponentially growing computational demands of AI technology.
The aerospace company contends that traditional terrestrial data facilities, typically housed in massive warehouse complexes, are increasingly inadequate to handle the computational requirements of expanding AI applications. According to SpaceX’s documentation, these orbital data centers would operate as a distributed network of solar-powered satellites positioned in low-Earth orbit at altitudes ranging from 500 to 2,000 kilometers.
This proposal represents a dramatic expansion beyond SpaceX’s existing Starlink constellation of approximately 10,000 satellites, which has already drawn criticism from astronomers and space traffic experts. The company maintains that the new system would provide essential computing capacity to serve billions of users worldwide while advancing humanity toward what Musk describes as ‘a Kardashev Type II civilization’—a theoretical societal classification that denotes the ability to harness a star’s complete energy output.
Addressing potential concerns about space congestion, Musk stated on his social media platform X that ‘the satellites will actually be so far apart that it will be hard to see from one to another,’ emphasizing the vastness of space. SpaceX further argues that orbital data centers offer environmental advantages over traditional ground-based facilities by eliminating the enormous water and power requirements for cooling.
However, space technology experts have raised multiple concerns regarding the feasibility and safety of such an extensive orbital network. Previous analyses indicate that launching and maintaining hardware in space remains prohibitively expensive, with complex infrastructure requirements for protection, cooling, and power management. Additionally, the increasing volume of space debris presents significant collision risks that could potentially damage equipment or cause materials to re-enter Earth’s atmosphere.
Astronomers have previously reported interference from SpaceX’s existing satellite network, noting in 2024 that radio emissions from Starlink satellites were effectively ‘blinding’ their telescopes and impeding scientific research. Despite these concerns, Musk has consistently rejected allegations that his satellites are overcrowding space or creating unfair competition in the orbital environment.