In a decisive move against transnational organized crime, China has carried out the execution of 11 principal members of the Ming criminal syndicate originating from Myanmar’s northern Shan State. The sentences, initially handed down in September, mark the culmination of an extensive cross-border operation targeting sophisticated cyber fraud operations that had ensnared thousands of Chinese citizens.
The Ming family, alongside the Bau, Wei, and Liu clans, had established a formidable criminal empire in the remote border town of Laukkaing since 2009. Their rise to power followed a military operation led by General Min Aung Hlaing that displaced the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), the ethnic insurgent group previously controlling the region.
These criminal networks transitioned from traditional narcotics production to establishing large-scale casino operations and ultimately sophisticated cyber fraud compounds. The most notorious facility, known as Crouching Tiger Villa operated by the Ming family, became synonymous with human rights abuses where torture was routinely employed against workers forced to participate in elaborate ‘pig-butchering’ romance scams targeting predominantly Chinese victims.
The turning point emerged in October 2023 when guards at these compounds killed several Chinese nationals during an attempted escape. This incident prompted China to collaborate with the MNDAA, which subsequently launched an offensive recapturing Laukkaing and detaining the crime family leaders. Ming Xuechang, the family patriarch, committed suicide following capture, while over 60 associates were transferred to Chinese authorities.
China’s Ministry of Public Security has publicized interrogation details revealing the extreme brutality of these operations, including reports of random killings intended to demonstrate power. The comprehensive crackdown has extended beyond Myanmar, with China securing extraditions of key figures like She Zhijiang from Thailand and Chen Zhi from Cambodia, both accused of operating massive scam empires across Southeast Asia.
Despite these efforts, the cyber fraud industry has demonstrated remarkable resilience, adapting and relocating to new regions within Myanmar while maintaining significant presence in Cambodia. The executions represent China’s most severe response to date against cross-border criminal enterprises threatening its citizens and financial security.