The South Sudanese military has dispatched significant reinforcements to the strategic town of Bor in Jonglei State, responding to escalating hostilities from opposition forces that threaten to reignite the nation’s devastating civil conflict. Chief of Defense Forces General Paul Nang Majok issued a stark ultimatum to his troops, granting them precisely seven days to “crush the rebellion” and recapture territories recently seized by the Sudan People’s Liberation Army in Opposition (SPLA-IO).
This military escalation comes amid growing concerns that the fighting could rapidly escalate toward the capital Juba, located merely two hours from the conflict zone. The SPLA-IO, led by suspended First Vice-President Riek Machar—who currently faces trial for murder, treason, and crimes against humanity—has captured multiple areas in Jonglei State according to local journalists, though these reports await independent verification.
The current crisis represents the latest deterioration in the fragile 2018 peace agreement that formally ended five years of civil war that claimed approximately 400,000 lives. Despite the peace accord, implementation has remained incomplete amid persistent ethnic tensions, sporadic violence, and deepening political fractures between President Salva Kiir and his former deputy Machar.
The strategic significance of Bor cannot be overstated—it served as the first major settlement captured by rebel forces during the previous conflict and now functions as a crucial staging post on the approach to Juba. The South Sudanese army receives operational support from Ugandan military forces, with unconfirmed reports suggesting approximately 4,000 Ugandan soldiers have been deployed.
Analysts interpret the SPLA-IO’s offensive maneuvers as potentially designed to pressure the government into releasing Machar from detention. This theory gained credibility following President Kiir’s recent dismissal of Machar’s wife, Angelina Teny, from her position as interior minister—a move that sparked widespread criticism and fears of further escalation.
The United Nations peacekeeping mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has urgently called for immediate cessation of hostilities in Jonglei and other violence-affected regions. Acting UNMISS head Kiki Gbeho emphasized the critical need for leaders to “immediately cease hostilities, de-escalate tensions, and advance reconciliation through inclusive dialogue.”
Adding to international concerns, the UN Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan expressed alarm over reported airstrikes in Jonglei that have resulted in civilian casualties, destruction of homes and medical facilities, and large-scale displacement. Commission chair Yasmin Sooka highlighted the deteriorating security situation while SPLA-IO acting chief of staff Lieutenant General Peter Thok Chuol Luak issued warnings to Juba residents of imminent military confrontations.
Despite these threats, Juba Governor Emmanuel Adil Anthony has urged citizens to disregard the opposition’s warnings as government forces prepare to advance into SPLA-IO held territories.