Iran is advancing toward a significant arms acquisition from China, with negotiations nearing completion for the purchase of advanced CM-302 supersonic anti-ship cruise missiles. This development occurs alongside substantial US military deployments to the region, creating a volatile geopolitical landscape.
According to intelligence reports, these bilateral defense talks initiated two years ago have gained considerable momentum since June 2025. This acceleration follows coordinated US-Israeli strikes targeting Iranian nuclear facilities. The CM-302 missiles under discussion represent a substantial capability upgrade with their 290-kilometer operational range and advanced countermeasure evasion technology.
The United States has responded with pronounced military reinforcement, positioning the USS Abraham Lincoln carrier strike group in the Arabian Sea while the USS Gerald Ford maintains presence in the Eastern Mediterranean. This deployment coincides with ongoing nuclear negotiations between Washington and Tehran.
This potential transaction builds upon existing defense cooperation between Tehran and Beijing. Middle East Eye previously reported Iran’s acquisition of Chinese surface-to-air missile systems in June 2025, reportedly compensated through oil shipments. China remains Iran’s predominant oil customer, importing approximately 90% of Iranian crude exports according to US Energy Information Administration data.
The geopolitical implications are particularly significant given the strategic importance of the Strait of Hormuz, through which nearly 20% of global seaborne oil transits. Iran has previously demonstrated capability to disrupt this critical waterway, temporarily closing the channel recently and conducting joint military exercises with China and Russia in adjacent waters.
Historical context reveals deep-rooted Sino-Iranian defense cooperation dating to the 1980s, when China supplied HY-2 Silkworm missiles during the Iran-Iraq conflict. More recently, Iran acquired HQ9 anti-aircraft systems in 2010. The current missile transfer would represent a substantial escalation as offensive weaponry capable of threatening US naval assets.
Despite growing cooperation, regional diplomats suggest China may exercise caution in over-committing to the partnership amid ongoing US-China rapprochement efforts. The upcoming April summit between Presidents Trump and Xi Jinping adds further complexity to these strategic calculations.









