A comprehensive BBC investigation has uncovered evidence suggesting Georgian authorities deployed a World War One-era chemical weapon against anti-government demonstrators in late 2024. The findings point to the use of bromobenzyl cyanide, known by its French military designation “camite,” which was allegedly mixed into water cannon systems used to disperse crowds protesting the government’s suspension of EU accession talks.
Victims reported severe and persistent symptoms including chemical burns that couldn’t be washed away, respiratory distress, prolonged coughing, vomiting, and cardiac abnormalities that lasted for weeks. Dr. Konstantine Chakhashvili, a pediatrician who participated in the protests and subsequently conducted a peer-reviewed study, documented these effects in nearly 350 respondents, with almost half reporting symptoms persisting beyond 30 days.
The investigation drew upon multiple sources including whistleblowers from Georgia’s Special Tasks Department (riot police), chemical weapons experts, medical professionals, and internal police inventories. Lasha Shergelashvili, former head of weaponry for the department, revealed he had tested a similarly potent chemical in 2009 and recommended against its use due to its dangerous and persistent effects.
International experts including Professor Christopher Holstege, a leading toxicology and chemical weapons specialist, concluded that the clinical findings were consistent with bromobenzyl cyanide exposure rather than conventional riot control agents like CS gas. UN Special Rapporteur on Torture Alice Edwards expressed serious concerns, stating that such practices could violate human rights law if the effects were not temporary as required by international standards.
Georgian authorities dismissed the findings as “absurd” and “deeply frivolous,” maintaining that police acted legally against what they described as “illegal actions of brutal criminals.” The protests, which began on November 28, 2024, have continued regularly despite increased government penalties, with demonstrators accusing the government of election rigging and aligning with Russian interests.