标签： Africa

Madagascar’s President Andry Rajoelina announced the dissolution of his government on Monday, following days of intense youth-led protests over persistent water and power shortages. The demonstrations, which began on Thursday in the capital Antananarivo, quickly spread to eight cities across the country, with thousands of predominantly Gen Z protesters rallying under the slogan, ‘We want to live, not survive.’

In a televised national address, Rajoelina acknowledged the government’s shortcomings, stating, ‘We apologize if members of the government have not carried out the tasks assigned to them.’ He revealed that the prime minister and the entire cabinet had been dismissed, and applications for a new premier would be accepted within three days. Rajoelina also expressed his willingness to engage in dialogue with young people to address their grievances.

The protests, initially peaceful, turned violent, prompting the imposition of a dusk-to-dawn curfew in Antananarivo. Security forces were accused of using excessive force, resulting in at least 22 deaths and over 100 injuries. UN Human Rights Chief Volker Türk condemned the ‘unnecessary and disproportionate force’ and called for the immediate release of arbitrarily detained protesters. However, Madagascar’s foreign ministry disputed the UN’s casualty figures, claiming they were based on ‘rumours or misinformation.’

The unrest marks the most significant challenge to Rajoelina’s leadership since his re-election in 2023. Madagascar has a history of political upheaval, including the 2009 protests that ousted former President Marc Ravalomanana and brought Rajoelina to power. The current crisis underscores deep-seated frustrations over the government’s inability to address basic infrastructure issues, fueling widespread discontent among the nation’s youth.

A special court in South Sudan has firmly established its jurisdiction to prosecute suspended Vice-President Riek Machar and seven co-defendants, who face grave charges including murder, treason, and crimes against humanity. The court dismissed all objections raised by Machar’s legal team, which challenged its authority, the constitutionality of the proceedings, and his claimed immunity from prosecution. The trial is set to resume on Wednesday. Machar, who has been under house arrest since March, has labeled the charges as a politically motivated ‘witch-hunt,’ sparking fears of a potential resurgence of civil war in the fragile nation. The charges stem from a March militia attack allegedly linked to Machar, which resulted in the deaths of 250 soldiers and a general. Machar’s defense argued that the case should be handled by a hybrid court under the African Union, as stipulated in the 2018 Peace Agreement that ended the five-year civil war between his forces and those loyal to President Salva Kiir. However, the court countered that it has the authority to try national offenses, as no hybrid court has yet been established. Presiding Judge James Alala emphasized that the special court’s jurisdiction is grounded in the amended 2011 Transitional Constitution. The court also rejected the claim of immunity for Machar, stating that such protection is exclusively reserved for the president. Additionally, two of Machar’s lawyers were barred from the proceedings due to invalid licenses, though they may rejoin once their credentials are renewed. Machar’s lead lawyer, Geri Raimondo Legge Lubati, accused the government of conducting a ‘politicized media campaign’ against his client, violating the constitutional presumption of innocence. The case has drawn international concern, with the UN, African Union, and neighboring countries urging calm in South Sudan, which gained independence from Sudan in 2011 after decades of conflict.

Seychelles, Africa’s smallest nation, is gearing up for a crucial presidential run-off election scheduled for 9-11 October, following an inconclusive first round. Opposition leader Patrick Herminie secured 48.8% of the vote, narrowly edging out incumbent President Wavel Ramkalawan, who garnered 46.4%. According to Seychelles’ electoral rules, a candidate must achieve over 50% of the vote to claim victory, necessitating a second round of voting. The archipelago, comprising 115 islands in the Indian Ocean with a population of just over 120,000, witnessed a competitive election with eight presidential candidates vying for the top office. Ramkalawan, seeking a second term under his Linyon Demokratik Seselwa (LDS) party, has campaigned on platforms of economic recovery, social development, and environmental sustainability. His primary rival, Herminie, represents the United Seychelles party, which dominated the nation’s politics from 1977 until 2020, when it lost its majority to Ramkalawan’s LDS. However, United Seychelles has recently regained control of the National Assembly, winning 19 out of 35 seats in the parliamentary elections held concurrently with the presidential vote. In a televised address, Herminie expressed readiness for the run-off, stating, ‘We are ready for a second round. We start campaigning tomorrow.’ A key issue influencing the election is the recent leasing of Assumption Island, one of Seychelles’ most ecologically sensitive territories, to a foreign hotel developer. This decision has sparked public concern over sovereignty and environmental stewardship, potentially swaying voters and garnering support from the six trailing candidates and their supporters. Seychelles, renowned for its luxury and environmental tourism, is Africa’s wealthiest country in terms of per capita income, according to the World Bank. The outcome of this election will not only determine the nation’s leadership but also shape its approach to critical environmental and economic challenges.