A comprehensive leak of thousands of internal Interpol documents has revealed Russia’s extensive exploitation of the international policing system to target political dissidents, journalists, and business figures abroad. The confidential files, provided by a whistleblower to BBC World Service and French investigative outlet Disclose, demonstrate how Moscow has weaponized Interpol’s alert mechanisms to pursue critics under the guise of criminal investigations.
Analysis of the data reveals that Russia has generated more complaints to Interpol’s independent oversight body than any other nation over the past decade—three times the number of Turkey, the second highest complainant. The leaked documents further indicate that Russia has had more red notices and diffusions overturned than any other country, suggesting widespread abuse of the system.
Despite implementing enhanced scrutiny measures following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Interpol’s internal reports from 2024-2025 indicate ongoing concerns about Moscow’s “willful misuse” of policing channels. Remarkably, approximately 90% of Russia’s requests continued to pass initial checks in 2024, while simultaneously, half of all challenged Russian requests were being overturned by the Commission for the Control of Interpol’s Files (CCF).
The case of Russian businessman Igor Pestrikov illustrates the human impact of this systemic abuse. After fleeing Russia in June 2022 due to moral objections about supplying materials for military hardware, Pestrikov discovered he was subject to a red diffusion request. Despite Interpol’s constitutional prohibition against politically motivated interventions, Pestrikov endured nearly two years of psychological torment before the CCF ruled Russia’s case “generic and formulaic” and canceled the request.
The leak also exposes how Russia circumvented formal Interpol channels through direct messaging to foreign law enforcement agencies. In one instance, Moscow requested information about journalist Armen Aramyan—convicted in Russia for reporting on student protests—after his relocation to Germany, bypassing standard procedures entirely.
Concerningly, internal Interpol documents reveal that by 2025, the organization had quietly dropped some restrictive measures against Russia, despite ongoing evidence of systematic abuse. Legal experts specializing in Interpol matters argue that the organization must implement stronger consequences for nations that persistently misuse its systems, including temporary suspension from the network.
Interpol maintains that it has strengthened safeguards against misuse in recent years and emphasizes its constitutional commitment to preventing politically motivated actions. However, the whistleblower documents reveal a significant gap between policy intentions and practical enforcement, leaving critics vulnerable to transnational persecution through internationally sanctioned policing mechanisms.