In a remarkable ecological turnaround, China’s crested ibis population has surged from near extinction to over 10,000 birds globally, with approximately 6,000 residing in their original habitat in Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province. This conservation success story represents one of the most significant wildlife recovery achievements in modern history.
The species, often referred to as the ‘oriental gem’ for its striking appearance featuring salmon-pink plumage and distinctive white crest, stood on the brink of disappearance in 1981 when only seven wild individuals remained. Immediate protective measures implemented by local authorities included banning blasting excavation operations and prohibiting chemical pesticides and fertilizers in areas where the birds forage.
Wang Chao, a senior expert with the Hanzhong Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve, explained that comprehensive conservation strategies have been crucial to this recovery. During breeding seasons, observation shelters are established with 24-hour monitoring to protect the birds from predators and human disturbance. These efforts have significantly enhanced natural breeding success rates.
The environmental benefits have extended beyond crested ibises. The improved ecosystem has attracted approximately 400 bird species to winter in Hanzhong, up from 300 before conservation efforts began, including reappearances of white-tailed eagles and glossy ibises.
The conservation program has also generated substantial socioeconomic benefits. Local farmers initially struggled with reduced agricultural output and market rejection of their produce due to pesticide-free farming requirements. However, through national programs supporting organic rice production and agritourism, villagers have transformed these challenges into economic opportunities.
Hua Ying, a resident of Caoba village, witnessed the transformation firsthand. From seven birds reappearing in 1993, the local population has grown to approximately 700. While tourism initially caused disturbances as visitors approached too closely for photographs, the establishment of the Yangxian County Bird Watching Association in 2006 created structured ecotourism opportunities. Trained guides now ensure responsible birdwatching while generating income through guiding services, accommodation, and organic product sales.
The population growth presents new conservation challenges. Reserve staff face increasing pressure with over 200 sick or injured ibises requiring treatment annually. Rescue efforts peak twice yearly, addressing malnourished fledglings in summer and older birds struggling with winter conditions.
Population monitoring has become increasingly complex. A recent two-month survey identified over 150 significant roosting sites, requiring coordinated efforts from multiple sectors due to limited personnel. The species’ expansion has led to dispersal beyond traditional habitats, with birds now found in Sichuan, Gansu, and Hubei provinces.
China is now implementing a national reintroduction program to restore crested ibises to their historical range across more than 20 provinces. Captive populations have been established in 13 regions, with nature reintroduction initiatives underway in six areas, aiming to reestablish the bird’s historical distribution and migratory patterns.