Iran entered its twelfth consecutive day of widespread civil unrest on Thursday as security forces deployed tear gas against demonstrators protesting the country’s severe economic deterioration. The protests, which originated in Tehran’s bazaar on December 28 following the rial’s collapse to unprecedented lows, have now expanded across all 31 provinces, presenting the most significant challenge to the clerical establishment in years.
According to the HRANA monitoring group, demonstrations have been documented in 348 locations nationwide, with videos emerging showing protesters in Kuhchenar, Fars province, tearing down a statue of Qassem Soleimani, the Revolutionary Guards commander killed by a U.S. strike in 2020. The Norway-based Iran Human Rights organization reported security forces have employed live ammunition, tear gas, and physical violence against civilians, with at least 27 protesters confirmed dead, including five minors under age 18.
The movement has gained momentum through calls from exiled opposition figures, particularly Reza Pahlavi, son of the deposed shah, who described Wednesday’s turnout as “unprecedented” and urged intensified demonstrations. Pahlavi warned via social media that authorities were attempting to disrupt internet connectivity to suppress organizing efforts.
Judicial authorities have taken a hardline stance, labeling participants as “rioters” and promising “no leniency” in prosecution. The tension escalated further Wednesday when an Iranian police officer was fatally stabbed near Tehran during unrest containment operations, as reported by Fars news agency.
The protests occur against a backdrop of economic crisis exacerbated by years of international sanctions and recovery efforts following June’s conflict with Israel. Demonstrators have adopted increasingly bold slogans including “this is the final battle, Pahlavi will return” and direct calls for the overthrow of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.