In a landmark judicial decision, the Tokyo District Court has ordered North Korea’s government to compensate four plaintiffs with 22 million yen ($143,000) each for systematic human rights violations stemming from Pyongyang’s deceptive postwar resettlement program. The ruling marks the first judicial acknowledgment of North Korea’s responsibility for luring thousands of ethnic Koreans from Japan with false promises of a ‘paradise on Earth’ between 1959-1984.
Presiding Judge Taiichi Kamino determined that the plaintiffs endured decades of severe living conditions without freedom of movement, educational choice, or employment opportunities after relocating under the repatriation scheme. The court found that North Korea’s representations of free healthcare, education, and employment benefits constituted deliberate misinformation that fundamentally damaged the lives of those who migrated.
The case originally involved five plaintiffs when filed in 2018, though two have since passed away, with one represented by his son. While a 2022 ruling acknowledged the deceptive nature of the program, it rejected compensation claims based on jurisdictional limitations and statute of expiration concerns. The Tokyo High Court’s 2023 appellate decision reversed this stance, recognizing Japan’s jurisdiction and ordering reassessment of damages.
Eiko Kawasaki, an 83-year-old plaintiff who spent 43 years in North Korea before defecting in 2003, described the ruling as ‘just a start.’ Despite acknowledging North Korea’s likely disregard for the verdict, she emphasized the importance of formal recognition of their suffering. Plaintiffs’ attorney Kenji Fukuda noted the practical challenges of enforcement given the absence of diplomatic relations between Japan and North Korea.
The case highlights the complex historical context of Japan’s ethnic Korean population, many descended from forced laborers during Japan’s 1910-1945 colonization of the Korean Peninsula. The 1959 resettlement program emerged from North Korea’s need to replenish its workforce after the Korean War, while Japan viewed it as a solution for what it considered ‘outsider’ ethnic Koreans. Over 93,000 people relocated under the program, with approximately 150 eventually returning to Japan.
Human Rights Watch Japan Director Kane Doi urged the Japanese government to leverage this ruling to pressure North Korea for accountability and facilitate resettlement for remaining victims. The decision also raises questions about the role of pro-North Korean organization Chongryon in promoting the deceptive program and potential Japanese government responsibility through its facilitation of the repatriation agreement.