In December 2023, South Africa brought a landmark case before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), accusing Israel of genocide in its military operations in Gaza. This marked the first time Israel’s actions were formally challenged on the global stage since the war began on October 7, 2023. The case has since become one of the most significant legal disputes in recent history, drawing widespread international attention. However, nearly two years later, the ICJ has yet to deliver a final judgment, with the process expected to extend into 2027 or beyond. The case has been characterized by its complexity, with multiple provisional measures issued against Israel, though compliance has been minimal. The death toll in Gaza has surged to over 66,000, according to the Gaza Health Ministry, underscoring the urgency of the situation. South Africa has pursued a multifaceted strategy, including diplomatic efforts and the formation of the Hague Group, to hold Israel accountable. Meanwhile, a recent UN commission of inquiry concluded that Israel has committed genocide in Gaza, further intensifying the legal and political stakes. The ICJ’s eventual ruling, while legally binding, faces enforcement challenges, particularly given the likelihood of a US veto in the UN Security Council. The case’s outcome could have profound implications for international law, Israel’s global standing, and the pursuit of justice for Palestinian victims.