In a landmark decision with profound legal implications, the Israeli government has initiated the first-ever revocation of citizenship for two Palestinian individuals, authorizing their deportation to occupied Palestinian territories. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu formally approved the measure on Tuesday, targeting Mahmoud Ahmed from Kafr Aqab and Muhammad Ahmed Hussein al-Halasa from Jabel Mukaber, both residents of occupied East Jerusalem.
The individuals in question were previously convicted by Israeli courts for involvement in fatal attacks against Israeli citizens. This legal action derives its authority from controversial legislation enacted in 2023, which permits the stripping of citizenship or permanent residency status from Palestinians accused of ‘acts of terror,’ followed by deportation to the West Bank or Gaza Strip.
Ahmed, recently released after serving a 23-year prison sentence, faces immediate deportation. Halasa will be deported upon completion of his 18-year term, which began in 2016.
The move has drawn sharp condemnation from legal and human rights organizations. Adala, a Haifa-based legal center specializing in Palestinian rights within Israel, condemned the decision as a ‘blatant violation of international law.’ The organization stated that the government has effectively ‘turned citizenship into a conditional privilege that can be revoked at will,’ creating a dangerous precedent that contravenes absolute prohibitions on statelessness.
Legal experts from the Diakonia International Humanitarian Law Center in Jerusalem have previously characterized such policies as potential war crimes. Saba Pipia, a legal adviser at the center, explained that deporting protected persons under the Fourth Geneva Convention constitutes a ‘grave breach’ of international humanitarian law. Furthermore, compelling allegiance from occupied territories’ inhabitants violates Article 45 of the Hague Regulations.
The Israeli Supreme Court has acknowledged that citizenship revocation may conflict with international law but maintained that such actions don’t violate Israel’s domestic constitutional framework. Rights organizations have criticized the 2023 law as inherently discriminatory, arguing it establishes separate legal standards based on ethnic identity.