Slovakia has enacted a significant constitutional amendment, legally recognizing only two sexes—male and female—and imposing restrictions on adoption and surrogate pregnancies. The amendment, which passed by a narrow margin in parliament, also asserts sovereignty in cultural and ethical matters. Prime Minister Robert Fico hailed the decision as a ‘great dam against progressivism,’ emphasizing his government’s commitment to traditional values. Critics, including Amnesty International, have condemned the move, warning it could marginalize the LGBT community and align Slovakia with illiberal regimes like Hungary and Russia. The amendment’s passage was unexpected, as Fico’s coalition initially lacked the necessary votes. However, last-minute support from opposition MPs secured the majority. Opposition leader Igor Matovic labeled the defectors as ‘traitors.’ Legal experts predict the amendment will provoke legal disputes with the European Union, potentially leading to sanctions. Critics argue the move is a political maneuver by Fico to divert attention from declining poll ratings and unpopular policies. President Peter Pellegrini has pledged to sign the amendment, calling it a unifying measure in a divided society. Meanwhile, Fico’s Smer-Social Democracy party faces expulsion from the Party of European Socialists (PES) for deviating from progressive values. The party’s alignment with far-right factions and Fico’s frequent meetings with Russian President Vladimir Putin have further strained relations with European allies.