The ongoing conflict in Ukraine, now in its fourth year, has seen significant developments as Russian forces continue to expand their territorial control, particularly in the eastern regions of Luhansk and Donetsk. Despite fierce Ukrainian resistance, Moscow’s military has made incremental gains, bolstered by increased use of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) to reduce casualties. The strategic ‘fortress belt’ in western Donetsk, a heavily fortified defensive line, remains a critical stronghold for Ukraine, though analysts predict it could take years for Russia to achieve its objectives in the region.