China’s Supreme People’s Procuratorate (SPP) has released groundbreaking data revealing the substantial impact of its nationwide judicial oversight campaign targeting improper enforcement practices against private enterprises. Between March and December 2025, procuratorial authorities addressed over 19,000 cases involving irregular cross-regional law enforcement and profit-driven enforcement actions that had undermined fair market competition.
The comprehensive initiative, launched in March 2025, specifically targeted prominent judicial problems that infringed upon the legitimate rights of businesses. Prosecutorial bodies handled more than 9,700 criminal litigation supervision cases, focusing on wrongful case filings, procedural irregularities, and prolonged handling of business-related matters that had created an unfavorable legal environment for enterprises.
Ge Xiaoyan, SPP Deputy Procurator-General, emphasized the principle of equal treatment for all market entities regardless of ownership structure. ‘Businesses are guaranteed equal access to production factors, fair participation in market competition, and equal protection under the law,’ she stated, adding that violations of corporate property rights face consistent accountability standards.
The campaign achieved significant corrective outcomes, including the withdrawal of criminal cases involving more than 3,000 individuals and non-prosecution decisions for over 3,500 individuals. Authorities particularly focused on illegal cross-regional arrests, jurisdictional overreach, and misuse of criminal procedures in commercial matters.
In a major financial rectification, supervisory efforts resulted in the return or release of approximately 26 billion yuan ($3.6 billion) in illegally seized, detained, or frozen assets. Additionally, prosecutors supervised lawful changes to coercive measures for more than 820 individuals affected by improper enforcement actions.
The initiative also addressed systemic inefficiencies by clearing more than 4,300 long-pending cases and correcting over 210 instances where criminal procedures were improperly applied to civil economic disputes, demonstrating China’s commitment to creating a more predictable and fair legal environment for business operations.