The United Arab Emirates is experiencing a significant meteorological shift as December marks the official transition into the winter season, according to the latest climate summary from the National Centre of Meteorology (NCM). Temperature patterns show a notable decline, with mean maximum and minimum readings dropping by 3 to 6 degrees Celsius compared to November levels.
Meteorological data reveals average temperatures now range between 17.7°C and 21.8°C across the Emirates. Daytime highs typically settle between 21.7°C and 27.4°C, while nighttime temperatures frequently drop to between 12.9°C and 17.4°C. Historical extremes include a record high of 37°C documented in Sweihan during 2016 and a remarkable low of -0.7°C recorded at Jabal Jais in 2004.
The changing weather patterns result from a strengthening high-pressure system extending from northern regions, accompanied by northwesterly winds that drive nighttime temperatures lower, particularly across inland and mountainous areas. Simultaneously, upper-level westerly troughs contribute to the formation of low and medium cloud cover, creating conditions conducive to rainfall that occasionally intensifies into thunderstorms.
Humidity patterns undergo significant transformation during December, with mean humidity levels reaching approximately 63%. Maximum humidity frequently climbs to between 79% and 90%, while minimum levels range from 32% to 49%. These conditions emerge as moist air masses move from the Arabian Gulf toward the UAE, creating ideal circumstances for fog and mist formation during early morning hours.
Wind patterns remain generally light to moderate with an average speed of 11 km/h, though historical data shows occasional strong gusts, including a record 87 km/h documented at Makassib in 2019. Fog occurrence becomes notably more frequent, with 2014 standing as particularly remarkable with 20 fog days and 5 mist days recorded throughout the month.
Precipitation, while occasional, can reach intense levels as demonstrated by the 208.4 mm rainfall recorded in Dhudna during 2006—the highest December measurement on record. The winter solstice, occurring around December 23, reinforces the cooling trend as the UAE solidifies its entry into the meteorological winter season.