Jakarta, Indonesia, is grappling with a significant environmental and public health crisis as microplastics contaminate its air and water. A 2022 study by the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), published in the Marine Pollution Bulletin, revealed the presence of microplastics in rainwater samples collected across the city. These tiny plastic particles, ranging from 1 nanometer to 5 millimeters in size, originate from both household and industrial sources, indicating widespread atmospheric contamination. The study also found that the deposition rate of microplastics increases during the rainy season, exacerbating the issue. In response, the Jakarta Environment Agency has pledged to enhance plastic waste management and reduce single-use plastics. Agency head Asep Kuswanto emphasized the urgency of addressing this ‘environmental warning,’ noting that plastic pollution has now permeated the skies above Jakarta. Researchers, led by Muhammad Reza Cordova, observed microplastics as small as 0.3 to 0.5 millimeters in rainwater samples from North Jakarta. Reza warned that the situation may worsen due to rising plastic consumption, particularly during the dry season when rainfall is scarce. The health implications of microplastic exposure are severe, with potential risks including inflammation, respiratory illnesses, and even cancer. A 2024 Cornell University study highlighted that Indonesians ingest an alarming 15 grams of microplastics monthly, the highest globally. Coastal communities, heavily reliant on seafood, are particularly vulnerable. Despite these risks, many fishermen remain unaware of the dangers, continuing to consume fish from polluted waters. Yuyun Ismawati, co-chair of the International Pollutants Elimination Network, criticized the government for prioritizing industrial investments over public health, urging stricter pollution monitoring and waste import regulations. The Jakarta administration has begun expanding its monitoring systems to trace microplastics in the air and rainwater, but the long-term health and environmental impacts remain a pressing concern.