In a historic verdict, the International Criminal Court (ICC) convicted Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman, commonly known as Ali Kushayb, on 27 counts of crimes against humanity and war crimes committed in Sudan’s Darfur region. The ruling, delivered on Monday, marks the first conviction of a Sudanese official for atrocities that have plagued the region for over two decades. Kushayb, a former leader of the Janjaweed militia, was found guilty of orchestrating mass killings, rapes, and persecution during the Darfur conflict, which began in 2003. His sentencing will follow a subsequent hearing. The case, referred to the ICC by the United Nations Security Council in 2005, has been hailed as a landmark in the pursuit of justice for victims, though many argue it comes too late. Darfur, a region in western Sudan, has endured decades of violence, with the Sudanese government under Omar al-Bashir accused of deploying the Janjaweed to suppress a rebellion by non-Arab populations. The conflict, labeled a genocide by the US and human rights groups, claimed hundreds of thousands of lives. Kushayb, known as the ‘colonel of colonels,’ commanded thousands of Janjaweed fighters and was accused of implementing a government-backed counter-insurgency strategy. His surrender to the ICC in 2020 followed a 2007 arrest warrant. Despite his claims of mistaken identity, presiding judge Joanna Korner dismissed his defense, stating he had ‘encouraged and given instructions’ for the atrocities. Victims welcomed the verdict, though analysts caution that it offers little solace to those still suffering in Darfur amid ongoing conflict. The Janjaweed, later rebranded as the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), continue to operate under new leadership, with accusations of genocide persisting. The ICC’s pursuit of justice remains incomplete, with outstanding warrants for figures like Bashir and former officials. The verdict, while significant, underscores the challenges of addressing systemic violence and political instability in Sudan.