BELGRADE, Serbia — European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen delivered a pointed message to Serbia’s populist leader, Aleksandar Vucic, during her visit to Belgrade on Wednesday. She emphasized the need for Serbia to take tangible actions toward its proclaimed goal of joining the European Union, including implementing sanctions against Russia and advancing democratic reforms. Von der Leyen’s remarks came amid growing concerns over Vucic’s increasingly authoritarian rule and his government’s crackdown on anti-government protests. Serbia remains the only European nation that has not imposed sanctions on Moscow following its invasion of Ukraine, despite its formal commitment to EU membership. Von der Leyen stressed the importance of aligning with EU foreign policy, particularly on sanctions, and urged Serbia to prioritize reforms in the rule of law, electoral framework, and media freedom. She also highlighted the EU’s stance on freedom and diplomacy, stating, “We stand for freedom instead of oppression, partnership instead of submission, and diplomacy instead of aggression.” Vucic, however, defended his government’s response to protests, claiming police used “minimum force” despite reports of excessive violence. Serbia’s historical ties with Russia and its reliance on Russian energy complicate its EU aspirations. The EU has intensified efforts to integrate Western Balkan nations, including Serbia, into its fold since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, offering financial incentives and market access in exchange for reforms. Von der Leyen’s visit is part of a broader tour of the region, which includes Albania, Bosnia, North Macedonia, Kosovo, and Montenegro, all at various stages of the EU accession process.