In a pivotal moment for Slovenian society, citizens cast their votes on Sunday in a referendum concerning a law that would permit terminally ill patients to end their lives with medical assistance. The legislation, initially passed by the Slovenian Parliament in July, had previously garnered support in a nonbinding referendum last year. However, opposition groups, including conservative organizations, certain medical associations, and the Catholic Church, successfully petitioned for a new vote after collecting over 40,000 signatures. The law stipulates that mentally competent individuals with no prospect of recovery or those enduring unbearable pain may opt for assisted dying. Patients would self-administer lethal medication following approval from two physicians and a consultation period. Notably, the law excludes individuals with mental illnesses. Prime Minister Robert Golob’s liberal government has championed the legislation, emphasizing the importance of allowing individuals to die with dignity and control over their end-of-life decisions. Opponents, however, argue that the law violates Slovenia’s constitution and advocate for enhanced palliative care as an alternative. For the law to be overturned, a majority of voters must reject it, and they must constitute at least 20% of the 1.7 million eligible electorate. Recent polls indicate a slight majority in favor of the law. If upheld, Slovenia would join other EU nations like Austria and the Netherlands, which have already implemented similar measures.