In a revolutionary approach to cancer treatment, researchers at Zhejiang University have successfully transformed mast cells—typically known for triggering allergic responses—into precision weapons against cancerous tumors. This innovative strategy merges targeted immune system activation with advanced drug delivery mechanisms.
The research, published in the prestigious journal Cell, represents a collaboration between Professors Gu Zhen and Yu Jicheng of Zhejiang University and Professor Liu Fujian of China Medical University. Their work focuses on repurposing mast cells, a type of white blood cell traditionally associated with allergic reactions such as hay fever or food sensitivities, into specialized carriers for oncolytic viruses designed to eliminate cancer cells.
The scientific breakthrough involves equipping mast cells with immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies specifically engineered to recognize unique protein markers on tumor cells. This biological reprogramming effectively converts these cells into precision-guided vehicles that seek out and infiltrate cancerous growths.
Once these modified mast cells reach their target, they unleash their therapeutic payload through a controlled release mechanism reminiscent of an allergic reaction. This process delivers a concentrated dose of cancer-killing viruses directly to the tumor site while simultaneously activating additional immune defenses, including CD8+ T cells, to join the attack.
In preclinical studies involving mouse models of melanoma, breast cancer, and metastatic lung cancer, the approach demonstrated significant tumor growth suppression and improved survival rates. Notably, in experiments using patient-derived tumor models with elevated HER2 protein levels (common in certain breast cancers), the treatment triggered robust immune responses and substantial tumor reduction.
The platform’s adaptability allows for personalized cancer treatment by tailoring IgE antibodies to target patient-specific tumor proteins. Researchers suggest this mast cell technology could also be adapted to deliver other therapeutic agents, including small-molecule drugs or antibodies.
The research team is currently advancing the technology toward clinical applications, focusing on optimizing production processes, selecting patient-specific IgE antibodies, and exploring combination therapies with existing immunotherapies.