A nationwide crackdown on illicit practices in China’s aquatic markets is underway following a startling undercover investigation by China Central Television (CCTV). The two-month probe uncovered that live fish sold to consumers are being systematically sedated with unauthorized chemicals, including industrial alcohol and unregulated anesthetic compounds.
The investigation, conducted by CCTV’s financial news team, documented vendors across multiple provinces using substances marketed as “fish calming agents” containing eugenol as a primary ingredient. At a Chongqing market, reporters observed live fish arriving in a dormant state, lying motionless in water before reviving when oxygenated. Vendors uniformly described the fish as “sleeping,” while investigators witnessed workers adding unlabeled liquids to transport containers that instantly rendered active fish limp and still.
These sedative products lacked proper manufacturing information, licenses, or production dates. Vendors justified their use by claiming the practice prevented scale loss during transport and facilitated easier loading/unloading operations.
Medical experts warn that eugenol—a chemical component of certain essential oils with mild anesthetic properties—poses significant health risks when improperly used. Long-term or excessive exposure may cause liver and kidney damage, with pregnant women, children, and individuals taking anticoagulant medications being particularly vulnerable.
The regulatory gap surrounding these practices is concerning. China has not conducted safety evaluations for eugenol’s use on aquatic products, established dosage standards, or implemented residue limits. These substances remain absent from approved aquaculture lists and routine testing protocols.
In response to the findings, the State Administration for Market Regulation launched coordinated nationwide enforcement actions. Officials inspected 35 vendors, seizing 14 batches of additives including eugenol compounds, while collecting numerous samples of unidentified liquids, water, and fish for analysis. The operation also uncovered industrial alcohol being used to prepare anesthetic solutions.
The investigation reveals how banned substances like highly toxic malachite green (prohibited since 2002) have been replaced by new unregulated chemicals, creating ongoing challenges for food safety supervision and consumer protection in China’s food supply chain.