Groundbreaking archaeological research has fundamentally reshaped our understanding of human habitation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with new evidence pushing the timeline of human activity back to approximately 100,000 years ago. This revelation emerged from comprehensive findings presented by the Xizang Autonomous Region’s cultural heritage authorities during a recent press briefing in Lhasa.
The discoveries form part of the ongoing national ‘Archaeological China’ initiative, which has conducted extensive fieldwork across the region since 2021. Archaeologists have executed 42 systematic excavations spanning 19 distinct locations, covering approximately 8,100 square meters of investigation. This methodological approach has enabled researchers to construct a continuous chronological narrative of human occupation across diverse geographical areas.
The archaeological record now demonstrates eight significant Paleolithic sites, four Neolithic locations, six early metal age sites with burial complexes, and one major Tubo period settlement. Particularly noteworthy is the emergence of advanced blade technology in northern Xizang approximately 40,000 years ago, followed by the proliferation of microlithic tools around 10,000 years ago.
Cultural development milestones indicate the region’s transition to Neolithic practices around 5,000 years ago, with copper implements appearing roughly 3,800 years ago and iron technology developing about 2,800 years ago. The rise of the Tubo Kingdom around 1,400 years ago represents the region’s entry into documented historical periods.
Concurrently, Xizang has completed its fourth national cultural relics survey, revealing unprecedented growth in archaeological site identification. By May 31, researchers had re-examined over 4,200 previously recorded sites while adding 3,346 newly discovered locations. This brings the region’s total documented cultural heritage sites to 7,623, with particularly significant concentrations in Shigatse, Lhokha, and Ngari prefecture—each contributing over 500 new sites.
According to Xu Shaoguo, deputy director of the regional cultural heritage bureau, Xizang now ranks among China’s most rapidly expanding regions for archaeological discovery while maintaining exceptionally low rates of cultural relic loss. The comprehensive survey has yielded new findings across all county-level administrative units, demonstrating the region’s extraordinary archaeological richness and preservation.