Chinese procuratorates have intensified their supervision over the execution of criminal penalties, issuing 971,000 corrective recommendations between January 2021 and September 2025. This effort aims to ensure the consistent and proper implementation of national laws, as highlighted in a report by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate (SPP).
Ying Yong, the Procurator-General of the SPP, emphasized the importance of this oversight during a report to the Standing Committee of the 14th National People’s Congress. He described the execution of criminal punishment as the ‘last mile’ of criminal justice, crucial for achieving fairness and integrity in judicial outcomes.
Under Chinese law, procuratorial authorities are tasked with supervising the implementation of criminal judgments, monitoring prison operations, and overseeing community correction agencies. From 2021 to September 2025, these authorities received 25,000 complaints, reports, and appeals from offenders. Detailed reviews led to the correction of 3,312 erroneous judgments, including wrongful convictions, sentence calculation errors, and misidentified recidivism cases.
The report also highlighted the role of procuratorial investigations in combating judicial corruption. During the same period, 1,735 individuals were investigated for job-related offenses, such as favoritism in commutation, parole, or temporary prison releases, as well as abuse of power and illegal detainee releases.
Procuratorial authorities have also focused on improving supervision of noncustodial offenders and addressing deficiencies in community correction management. This included reincarcerating 17,000 offenders who violated community supervision rules or no longer met the conditions for serving sentences outside prison.
Regular inspections of prisons and detention centers identified risks such as contraband smuggling and ‘cell boss’ dominance. Investigations into crimes disrupting prison order led to the prosecution of 1,811 violent offenders, 803 individuals for disturbing prison order, and six for escape-related offenses.
Additionally, the SPP, in coordination with the Supreme People’s Court, Ministry of Public Security, and Ministry of Justice, resolved issues of delayed or refused prisoner admissions, ensuring the proper transfer of 96,000 convicts to correctional facilities. Authorities also addressed cases of unlawful detention beyond legal limits.
Since 2022, procuratorial authorities have issued 75,000 corrective opinions on inappropriate requests or decisions by public security and judicial administrative bodies, as well as on court rulings concerning commutation, parole, and temporary prison releases. Enhanced interagency cooperation has further ensured the lawful supervision of these measures.
The report concluded by emphasizing the importance of balancing punishment with rehabilitation to help former inmates reintegrate into society.