A comprehensive investigation by the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) has revealed a disturbing pattern of institutional hostility toward Muslim students and Palestine advocates across American higher education. The civil rights organization’s assessment of 51 university campuses since 2024 found none could be classified as “unhostile” environments for these communities.
The report identifies Columbia University and the City University of New York (CUNY) as the most problematic institutions, followed by the University of Michigan, University of Chicago, and Case Western Reserve University. These rankings emerged from CAIR’s systematic monitoring of anti-Muslim incidents through a dedicated public reporting platform.
Alarmingly, the investigation uncovered that over half of the surveyed institutions completely omit protections against Islamophobia and anti-Muslim bias from their official discrimination policies. Furthermore, approximately 75% of these universities reportedly summoned law enforcement to arrest students, staff, and faculty participating in Gaza genocide protests following the October 7, 2023 Hamas-led attacks on Israel.
The spring of 2024 witnessed unprecedented student activism mirroring Vietnam-era protests, with Gaza solidarity encampments spreading nationwide. These demonstrations aimed to pressure universities to divest from entities profiting from Israel’s military operations and occupation of Palestinian territories.
CAIR’s analysis directly links the campus crackdowns to Project 2025, a policy blueprint developed by the far-right Heritage Foundation and largely adopted by the Trump administration. The report notes that twelve institutions—including Harvard, Yale, and Columbia—have embraced the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance’s definition of antisemitism, which critics argue conflates legitimate criticism of Israel with antisemitism.
The legal landscape surrounding these issues remains contentious. A September federal court ruling favored Harvard in its lawsuit against federal agencies, with Judge Allison Burroughs condemning the Trump administration’s withholding of nearly $3 billion in research funding as an “ideologically-motivated assault” using antisemitism as a “smokescreen.”
However, the confrontation continues with the Justice Department recently suing Harvard over admissions documentation, while the Trump administration seeks $1 billion in damages from the university for its defiance during the funding dispute.
CAIR defines Islamophobia as a pattern of discrimination and oppression rooted in fear, hatred, or prejudice toward Islam and Muslims, often reducing the faith’s diverse traditions to stereotypes of violence and civilizational threat. The organization notes this phenomenon frequently encompasses anti-Palestinian racism justified through anti-Muslim rhetoric.