A significant divergence in Ramadan commencement dates has emerged across the Muslim world, highlighting ongoing tensions between traditional moon-sighting practices and astronomical science. Saudi Arabia and several Gulf nations initiated the holy month on Wednesday, while numerous other Muslim-majority countries deferred commencement until Thursday following conflicting lunar observations.
The division stems from the traditional Islamic practice of commencing Ramadan upon visual confirmation of the crescent moon. Saudi authorities announced Tuesday evening that their observation teams had sighted the crescent, prompting immediate Ramadan declarations from the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Yemen, and Palestine. Sunni religious authorities in Iraq and Lebanon similarly confirmed Wednesday starts.
However, this declaration contradicts scientific evidence from multiple astronomical organizations. The Sharjah Academy for Astronomy, Space Sciences and Technology previously determined that crescent visibility would be “scientifically impossible” on Tuesday across the region. Independent astronomers including Mohammad Odeh of Abu Dhabi’s International Astronomical Centre corroborated these findings, suggesting any reported sightings likely resulted from observational errors.
Notably, Egypt, Brunei, Malaysia, Turkey, Indonesia, and several Central Asian nations opted for Thursday starts after reporting no moon sightings. Iraq’s senior Shia authority, Ayatollah Ali Sistani, similarly declared Thursday commencement. Iran, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan remained undecided as of reporting time.
The controversy highlights Saudi Arabia’s influential yet contentious role in global Islamic calendaring. The kingdom utilizes the calculated Umm al-Qura calendar for advanced planning while maintaining traditional moon-sighting announcements. Astronomical organizations including the UK’s Nautical Almanac Office confirmed the impossibility of Tuesday sightings, echoing concerns about previous Saudi declarations that contradicted scientific evidence.
This scientific-traditional divide extends beyond the Middle East. While many Muslims in countries without official moon-sighting bodies follow Saudi announcements, movements like Britain’s New Crescent Society advocate for localized observations and a unified national Islamic calendar, reflecting growing preference for astronomically verified dates within Muslim communities worldwide.