China is mobilizing its entire transportation network for what officials project will be the largest Spring Festival travel migration in history, with an anticipated 9.5 billion cross-regional trips during the 40-day chunyun period from January 30 to March 13. This massive annual movement, which reunites families across the nation, represents both a logistical triumph and an unprecedented challenge for infrastructure systems.
According to Li Chunlin, Deputy Head of the National Development and Reform Commission, this year’s travel surge involves coordinated efforts across more than 20 government departments working to ensure smooth and safe transportation for millions. The travel landscape continues to evolve, with self-driving journeys maintaining dominance at approximately 80% of all trips. Railway and aviation sectors are preparing for record volumes of 540 million and 95 million passengers respectively, with both overall travel numbers and single-day peaks expected to surpass previous records.
Railway authorities are implementing significant capacity expansions, with China State Railway Group’s Zhu Wenzhong announcing that 22 new lines spanning over 3,100 kilometers and more than 50 stations will participate in their first Spring Festival rush. Nearly 1,000 additional high-speed trains will operate overnight along major corridors to alleviate congestion, while peak days will see over 14,000 passenger trains in service—a 5.3% year-on-year increase in seating capacity.
The travel period coincides with a nine-day national holiday from February 15-23, creating distinct travel patterns. While outbound journeys are expected to be relatively dispersed due to staggered university winter breaks, return trips are anticipated to be heavily concentrated as educational institutions reopen and factories resume operations.
Tourism continues to shape travel flows, with northern ice-and-snow destinations and southern beach resorts attracting significant numbers alongside growing international travel. Civil Aviation Administration’s Xu Qing noted evolving patterns including ‘reverse travel’ where parents visit adult children, and hybrid trips combining family visits with leisure travel.
Airlines are responding with over 19,000 daily flights focused on tourist hotspots and major hubs, while enhancing transfer options for travelers from smaller cities. Special services including dedicated check-in areas, in-flight amenities, and flexible baggage options will accommodate passengers traveling with children or elderly relatives.
Road transportation will see toll-free passage for small passenger vehicles throughout the holiday period, while key ferry routes including the Qiongzhou Strait in Hainan will receive additional support. The surge in electric vehicles—now numbering nearly 44 million nationwide—has prompted infrastructure enhancements with over 71,000 charging connectors available in highway service areas, supplemented by mobile chargers and real-time updates to prevent congestion.