In a landmark case, South Korea has sentenced Kim Nok-wan, the 33-year-old leader of a notorious Telegram-based sex crime ring, to life imprisonment. Kim, who operated under the self-proclaimed title of ‘pastor,’ headed the ‘Vigilantes,’ a pyramid-style group that exploited at least 261 individuals between May 2020 and January 2025. This marks the largest number of cybersex exploitation victims in South Korea’s history. The group blackmailed victims into producing explicit content, which was then shared in online chatrooms. Kim’s crimes included the sexual assault of minors, the distribution of child sex abuse images, and the production and dissemination of illegally filmed material. He was also convicted of ‘quasi-rape’ or sexual assault where the victim was unable to resist. Despite expressing remorse in court, the judge emphasized the brutality of his crimes and the lack of restitution for victims, stating that permanent isolation from society was necessary. Kim targeted both male and female victims through social networking platforms, luring them to Telegram before blackmailing them. He coerced victims into submitting ‘hourly daily reports’ and writing letters of remorse, punishing non-compliance with demands for nude photographs or self-harm. The Vigilantes produced over 2,000 pieces of sexually exploitative media. Kim personally participated in at least 453 Telegram channels and chat rooms, 60 of which he operated. This case also marks the first instance of Telegram cooperating with South Korean police, providing crucial data that led to Kim’s arrest. The Korean National Police Agency formalized its investigative cooperation with Telegram in October 2024, enabling the platform to share relevant information with authorities.