Vietnam is undergoing a transformative approach to managing floods as relentless storms and record rainfall wreak havoc across the country. With climate change intensifying, the government has committed over $6 billion under a national master plan through 2030 to build early-warning systems, relocate vulnerable communities, and redesign urban areas to better handle extreme weather. Central to this strategy is the concept of ‘sponge cities,’ which absorb and release water naturally, reducing flood risks. Cities like Vinh are already implementing these ideas, expanding drainage networks, creating flood basins, and transforming riverbanks into green spaces. However, the urgency of this work has been underscored by a series of devastating storms in 2025, including Ragasa, Bualoi, and Matmo, which caused widespread destruction and economic losses. Scientists warn that warmer seas are fueling more intense and prolonged storms, disproportionately affecting Vietnam’s poorest communities. The economic toll has been severe, with extreme weather costing the country $1.4 billion in 2025 alone. Vietnam estimates it will need $55 billion to $92 billion this decade to manage climate impacts. Major cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, home to nearly 18 million people, are particularly vulnerable due to rapid urbanization that has replaced natural flood buffers with concrete. Flooding in Hanoi in October 2025 lasted nearly a week, overwhelming the city’s outdated infrastructure. Experts emphasize that traditional flood control methods are insufficient and advocate for nature-based solutions, such as restoring wetlands and green spaces. Globally, cities like Bengaluru and Johannesburg are adopting similar strategies, and Vietnam’s real estate developers are beginning to follow suit. For instance, the Sun Group is building a ‘sponge city’ in Nha Trang, featuring 60 hectares of wetlands designed to store and reuse rainwater. As climate risks escalate, Vietnam’s efforts to adapt offer valuable lessons for other nations grappling with similar challenges.
Vietnam rethinks its flood strategy as climate change drives storms and devastation
